Human Trafficking In Russia Prostitution - 661 Words

Human Trafficking In Russia: Prostitution Human trafficking is one of the major problems that is facing Russia. And Russia is considered the largest country in the whole world. It is massively known for the origin and final destination of trafficked men, women, and children who are forced to labor. Trafficking is carried out mainly for the purpose of exploitation, which includes prostitution, forced labor, slavery, removal of organs and many others (human trafficking in and out of Russia). This is mostly because of the unbearable economic situations in the country and a punishment should be given to those who engage in human trafficking. Concentrating on prostitution as a form of human trafficking, it has many reasons why it was introduced. The main reason was for economic purposes. It also has many disadvantages and effects. Most of the people affected by trafficking in Russia are women and children. The high risk of trafficking is brought about by the current economic situation in the country, which makes it hard for women to get employment and provide for their families (Freese 61). Human trafficking is caused by many factors some of them being poverty, corruption in the Government, economic strains, and legal systems that are inefficient (61). Human trafficking has grown greatly in Russia mainly due to the economic situation and corruption. In the 1990s, thousands of women and children were trafficked out of Russia and introduced to prostitution. This was mainly inShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking and Prostitution in Russia2058 Words   |  9 PagesHuman Traficking In Russia: Prostitution human trafficking in Russia.-prostitution. Russia is considered the largest country in the whole world. It is massively known for the origin and final destination of trafficked men, women, and children who are forced to labour. Human trafficking is one of the major problems that is facing Russia. Trafficking is carried out mainly for the purpose of exploitation, which includes prostitution, forced labour, slavery, removal of organs and many others (humanRead MoreSex Trafficking : A Unique Sector Of Slavery1201 Words   |  5 PagesSex trafficking is a unique sector of slavery that primarily affects women and children. This is sexual exploitation for profit where victims face inhumane and volatile conditions. The practice comes in varying forms including brothels, strip clubs, and online services. This horrible occurrence happens secretly in practically any corner across the globe. Although it causes immense physical harm to its victims, the physiological and emotional damage remains severe and prominent. Victims from AsiaR ead MoreThe Globalization Of Human Trafficking990 Words   |  4 Pageswill define the globalization of human trafficking through the context of the United States as a first world nation and extension of this problematic issue in European nations, such as Russia and in the Baltic region. The first world status of the United States provides a context in which human trafficking has become a major problem when defining domestic markets for criminal organizations. However, the U.S. provides an example of the impact of human trafficking that occurs on a much wider scaleRead MoreRussi A Tier 3 Source, Transit, And Destination Country1067 Words   |  5 Pages Russia is a Tier 3 source, transit, and destination country. The dominant form of trafficking is forced labor but sexual exploitation and begging is also pronounced. Men, women, and children are among the exploited both inside and outside of the country. Russia’s Tier 3 status is due to its refusal to meet the minimum standa rds to prevent, investigate, prosecute, or convict those involved with trafficking including government officials. It also provides no funding for counseling or rehabilitativeRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Nation s Economy, Political, And Legal Factors1383 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking is the trade of humans by force, mainly women and female children, for the purposes of sexual slavery, sexual exploitation, and domestic labor. Global human trafficking has often been labeled as modern- day slavery; however the history and causes have been identifiable just as the causes of traditional slavery have been. What causes human trafficking? In this present paper, the hypotheses on the primary causes of global human trafficking will be identified. There are three majorRead MoreHuman Trafficking in Russia Essay1853 Words   |  8 Pagessomewhere in Russia wakes up from the sound of heavy footsteps creaking up the wooden steps. Confused, she begins crying, trying to escape the chai ns, but as soon as she attempts, the face of a stranger comes near her. 11:07 p.m. A girl somewhere in Russia becomes a victim of human trafficking. Human trafficking has existed across the globe for thousands of years. From the Ancient Greek and Romans to the medieval times, until today, humans have existed as victims of the cruel act of human trafficking. AmongRead MoreEssay about Japanese, Russian, Chinese, and Mexican Organized Crime1042 Words   |  5 Pagesseveral different countries, such as; Italy, China, Japan, Russia and the United States of America. Although all these groups of organized crime have many things in common they tend to have different ways of doing something, or they may not do them at all. Many also commit similar types of crimes, and others commit crimes other groups would not. It is thought that the Russian Mafia has existed in Russia for several centuries. When Russia was still the Soviet Union, corruption began to develop becauseRead MoreModern Day Human Sex Trafficking1151 Words   |  5 PagesModern Day Human Sex Trafficking With the advances in technology society now mainly uses cellphones and the internet as means of communication; traffickers see this as an opportunity, by using technology as a tool to reach victims from all around the world, as well as buyers. However, as traffickers are adapting to the online market for trafficking, technology is also creating ways in which we can identify traffickers and victims. Sex trafficking has been around for centuries, howeverRead MoreHuman Trafficking in Malta1515 Words   |  7 PagesMalta serves as a trafficking destination for women and children who are subjected to forced labor, including in restaurants, private households and in unskilled or semi-skilled labor. With regards to our local issue, African mirgants whom are labelled as ‘irregular immigrants’ are directly being trafficked in the country’s informal labor market. Between 2003 and 2011 there were 25 reported victims 24 of which were women all of foreign dissent. Most of them arrived illegally from Russia, Ukraine and RomaniaRead MoreThe Legal And Social Implications Of Prostitution1039 Words   |  5 Pageslegal and social implications of prostitution have been a topic of much concern over the past few decades. Although the issue has been heavily debated, a proper answer to its legalization or criminalization has not yet been defined in many countries throughout the world. While some view that â€Å"sex work† is a justifiable occupation that should be protected under human rights, others argue that it’s legalization would do more harm than good. According to the Health and Human Rights Journal (2014), the Russian

The Need of Imposing One Child Policy in the US Free Essays

Due to the raging rise of population in America, extreme measures with regard to the aim of decreasing the flaming populace had been introduced to the country’s legislative body.   Such attempt had been regarded as that which will eventually help the country’s level of productivity and societal developments aimed for industrialization reasons and thus are expected to raise the welfare of the contemporary society as well as the future of Liberty (Menken). Depletion of resources and environmental degradation The need for the implementation of a law which shall oblige the citizens to take necessary measures and constraints with regard to irresponsible ‘sexual’ intercourse leading to unexpected pregnancy and overpopulation had been sought to be a major problem in America (Fong). We will write a custom essay sample on The Need of Imposing One Child Policy in the US or any similar topic only for you Order Now    As anticipated with the enormous rise, environmentalists and population development analysts stated that in the near future, with such behavior, America will most likely starve and get intoxicated with their own mess (Fong). One fascinating stand on a peer review stated that such has a big difference between â€Å"water† and â€Å"drinking water,† thus connotes the idea that of this scam of intoxication caused by â€Å"the big kids on the block† themselves, is harmoniously tolerated, then most likely there won’t be enough water for the whole jurisdiction of this country, and worse, it may also affect the production of what is edible, at that standpoint. This paper need not to specify and dwell further on the importance of H2O for this instance to take holistically the perception of the necessity of the aforementioned element to humanity (Menken).   Further, as supported by UN Population Fund, it had been noted that rampant rise of environmental and sociological challenges is manifested because of the uncontrollable mount of population in the country; moreover, the most effective cure of the society’s disease shall be the initiation of measures defining â€Å"behavioral constraints† and that is with the help of a law (Fong). Overpopulation Various advocates and analysts like Ted Turner stressed the need of China’s policy to also be adopted in the country.   Moreover, he has emphasized in his argument that America is becoming â€Å"too populated† due to the rise of migration instances and the increase of liberalism perception among its inhabitants making the concept of â€Å"freedom† expand even until the level of â€Å"sensuality.†Ã‚   With such regard, the increase of number of individuals settling in the country connotes the concept that the echelon of adversity will rise in number, and the need of flexibility among the â€Å"pure Americans† coerces them to divulge in a rather larger scope of adjustment and acceptance in the vortex of status quo (Alternatives). In addition to that, if it may not be too much to take into assumption, competition shall float up in the scenario, this paper does not encourage American couples to bear more fruits, but rather, to engage in â€Å"responsible† parenthood and focus instead in raising their offspring to be highly competitive individuals not only for the benefit of the immediate time, but for future’s sake, at that (Fong). Analysis on stated arguments What seemed to be the problem over the issue is that, many seem to not understand why such policy obliges the legislative body to act upon it in the most immediate time.   Perhaps the rise of complications had not yet been explicitly felt by Liberty’s citizens; however, we take notice with the idiom stating that â€Å"regrets come in the end†.   Taken for example the â€Å"environmental concerns†, Americans must face the truth of nature’s control; moreover, this specific argument is emphasized in John McPhee’s Control of Nature, perhaps it never crossed the mind of one’s rationality, but the tendency of it to occur is vast and, co-related with the perception on ‘overpopulation’. Moreover, the vast changes which had been occurring due to the raging response of human being’s level of rationality as well as with the exploration of new dimensions in making life easier through the use of machineries and other intoxicating components further gives a mount on the ratio of making earth a place of pollution and thus, congruent with the argument revolving around the implication of overpopulation denoting a declination of the economic state of the country anchored on the issue of employment concerns and the array of competition among workers (Menken).   The more diverse the culture outstands, the higher the possibility of racial gaps seemingly surfacing in the scale of development (Alternatives). In comparison with the discussions laid on the table, it is prudent enough to conclude that the main reason why national analysts swim in the idea of imposing ‘one-child policy’ shows their greatly concern of the future of the west and the stability of its economy.   All of the variable elements and commonsensical statements logically fall into one major blast: overpopulation. If diagramed in a web of complexity, the core element of the problem would be overpopulation, inter-connected with the plight of environmental, social, economical and political implications, thus give credit to the impression of making America a ‘one-child policy’ abiding country. Conclusion The threat which haunts the country is a contagious disease which shall surely swallow humankind if not cured in accordance with proper and crucial analysis in expunging the problem.   Industrialization and the art of making love is a freedom vested to individuals, however, the complications comprising an unsolicited control on such hook up with unpredicted circumstances.   The aforementioned essential nature of the proposition is proof enough of humanity’s concern and active involvement on development and stability. Perceivably, the most crucial problem with regard to population is the issue on pollution.   Given the fact that the innovation of technological and machinery advancement emit a raging amount of intoxicating substance, with more people exercising such is most likely the predicted horror which will sooner or later, if not eradicated with the implementation of a policy aiding the ascending population, shall haunt the living daylights of the country in the near future. References: Alternatives, Center for Policy. Progressive Agenda for the States 2006: State Policy Leading America New York: Center for Policy Alternatives, 2005. Fong, Vanessa. Only Hope: Coming of Age under Chinas One-Child Policy. 1 ed. Chicago IL: Stanford University Press, 2004. Menken, Jane. World Population and U.S. Policy: The Choices Ahead. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1986.    How to cite The Need of Imposing One Child Policy in the US, Essay examples

Human Resource Management Role of Electronic

Question: Discuss about the case study Human Resource Management for Role of Electronic. Answer: Introduction The objective of the proposal is to highlight on how different employees get motivated by applying different kinds of rewards system and performance measure in the organization. The selected organization operates its business in the food and beverage industry. The Liquor land is the selected organization in the study. Irrespective of the nature as well as size of the business there are certain organizational goals and activities, which majority of the organizations tries to achieve. However, out of all the resources, the most important resources of the organization are the human resource. If the employees in the organizations gets motivated in a proper manner it will automatically increase boost the performance of the management. The research paper will summarize how the employee of the organizations gets motivated while getting different kinds of award system in the organization. Background of the company Liquor land is one of the common beverage companies, which operates its business in different major cities of New Zealand. Liquor land was founded in the year 1981 as a wholesale liquor chain in New Zealand, which operates its business in 18 stores of New Zealand in its first year of business. On the other hand, in the year 2000, liquor land changed its entire business models and managed stores to a total franchise chain called liquor land limited. As compared with nationwide liquor, land operates almost 80 stores. Liquor land has grown to be a household name in the country and is a market leader in New Zealand which sales close to over $300 million per year. Rationale of the Study The primary issue in Liquor land related to their reward system is lack of transparency. Most of the times, rewards are awarded to the employees who do not deserve it. Employees who are working hard for the shop get nothing in return. Besides, the management of the shop does not exhibit reasons of providing rewards to the employees. As a result, staffs of liquor land are getting frustrated that is causing high turnover rate. This research will focus to find out proper solutions that will eliminate any biasness that exists in the shops reward system so that only deserving employees can receive rewards for their efforts. Research hypothesis H1= Rewarding people and performance of the employees helps the organization to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. H2= Rewarding people and performance of the employees do not help the organization to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. Literature Review Human Resource Management is the function, which is performed in different organizations, which facilitates the most effective use of the people in the organization towards achieving both the organizational as well as individual goals (Dessler, 2013). In order to evaluate a proper human resource management, there are certain applications of different kinds of models and theories. The following part of the study will analyze all the important factors, which will focus on the application of different models (Dowling, Festing and Engle, 2013). All the models will highlight the different kinds of rewards system, which will analyze the performance of the employees in a proper manner. Extrinsic and intrinsic reward systems are the two most popular modes of rewards that are vastly used in most of the business organizations. Extrinsic rewards are usually financial rewards such as pay hike, bonuses and benefits (Gupta and Shaw, 2014). These are the common factors of basic HRM. Extrinsic reward system This reward system is directly related to job performance of an employee. However, it is also important that an employee receive rewards every time they accomplish a task. Some extrinsic reward systems are, Bonus or commission: An individual employee or a group of employees receives bonus payments if their organization earns profit due to their efforts and hard work. In the liquor shop, the management can implement this strategy (Gupta and Shaw, 2014). If their staff can increase the amount of profit by providing superior customer services, then the management of liquor land can share some of that profit with their employees. Promotion: It is obvious that liquor land will have some employees who are average performing while some will be extremely hard working (Hayton, 2011). Those hard working employees will make a huge difference on the shops status. Therefore, the management of liquor shop must encourage those employees by promoting them to higher ranks (Ivancevich and Konopaske, 2013). Salary raise: Employees can achieve Salary raise after their hard work efforts. This type of rewards motivates the workers in developing their skills and competence. It also offers long-term fulfillment to employees (Ma and Ye, 2015). However, managers must remember that they will have to be fair and identical with the workers who are serving in his comoany. Intrinsic reward system Recognition: According to Martin (2012), everyone wants to be praised in the organization they work. When an employee is recognized for their job by his co-workers or senior management, then it creates effect that is more positive than financial rewards. Extra benefits: Every employee likes to have extra benefits from where they work. Like restaurant, staffs would love it if the management allows them to have a free meal in the restaurant once a week. Transportation: In hospitality industry, especially in restaurants or liquor shops most of the times employees have to work even after their shift time. Therefore, for female employees or for all employees transportation system can be arranged for security purpose. It will show that the company is thinking about its employees, which will make the employees more motivated than ever. Empowerment: Employee empowerment is another thing that is counted as reward for the employees. This happens when managers allocate delegate tasks to their employees. This adds importance to an employee where his decisions and actions are reflected. Intrinsic rewards make the employees feel comfortable in an organization where extrinsic rewards mostly focus on the performance and activities of the employees. However, it is not an easy task to develop a balance between intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Based on individual or team, rewards vary such as, individuals can achieve base pay, incentives and extra benefits. Teams can get team bonus and profit sharing (Mello, 2015). Balancing Reward Strategy The idea of the balancing reward strategy will execute both financial as well as non-financial forms of the company. The financial forms of the company will be executed in the following way. Benefits, performances pay and grade and pay structure are the three important points, which needs to be followed in a proper manner. The non-financial part of the reward system will conclude about the anatomy, recognition, meaningful work and work environment. A proper balance needs to make between the financial reward system and between the non-financial reward systems (Mondy and Mondy, 2014). There are certain characteristics in the normal financial system. Basic pay, contingent pay, variable pay, share ownership and benefits are some of the common features, which are included in the financial reward system. On the other hand, non-financial rewards system includes recognition, responsibility and meaningful work, anatomy and career opportunities are some of the important features, which need to analyze (Mondy and Mondy, 2012). A proper balance need to make between the financial reward system and the non-financial rewards system in order to develop a proper reward system. Factors Influencing Job Values There are certain factors, which needs to be analyzing for influencing job values. Intrinsic value, internal organizational relatives, external job market relatives, inflation and market movement and business or financial circumstances are some of the key factors, which influence the job values (Noe, 2014). Human capital is very much essential to any organization towards the development process of the long-term performance success. The performance of the organization is always better when they treat the employees in a better manner. Implementations of the human resource management in the organization are the key to different kinds of organizational success and failure (Prescott and Rothwell, 2012). Development of a strategic Human resource management Strategies are developed in different organizations, which will incorporate a smooth flow of work. There are three factors, which will conclude the effectiveness of the human resource management (Shen, 2015). Attracting a quality-working environment, developing a quality workforce and maintaining a quality workforce are the three important factors, which needs to analyze in the required manner (Stone and Deadrick, 2015). However, there are certain steps, which need to perform in the process of development of a proper strategic human resource management planning (Stone et al., 2015). Employees value position, strategic workforce planning, recruitment and planning, training, performance management, 360 degree feedbacks, total rewards system, session planning, retention management and HR Audit are some of the important factors in the development process of a proper strategic human resources planning (Stone, 2014). Advantages of the reward system The ultimate objective of a proper human resource management is to get the work done by the people in a proper manner. Some of the key features include proper salary, bonuses, incentive pay, benefits of the employees, which includes proper growth opportunity such as proper professional development and additional tanning (Tharenou, 2015). This particular system includes a number of advantages to the companies. Some of the common advantages of the reward system include the following features: Employee Retention Employee retention is one of the most common features in the overall human resource management. Majority of the organization depending upon the nature and objectives of the business tries to maintain a strong employee retention policy (Werner, Schuler and Jackson, 2012). There are different kinds of activities which majority of the organization follows towards the development of the of a proper human resource management. Employee retention is one of the major challenges that majority of the organization faces. However, employees of the organizations are the once who are responsible for the achievement of the organizational goals and activities. If the old employees of the organization are retained the company will be benefited in certain ways (Dessler, 2013). Employee Performance There are several parameters, which will conclude about the performance of the employees. If the performances of the employees are good, the organization will be benefited in certain ways (Dowling, Festing and Engle, 2013). The overall objective of the organization is to achieve and to ensure that the profit and sales are always at a growing stage. There are different kinds of parameters, which measures the overall performance. Some of the key performance measures include production, sales, ranking and many more (Gupta and Shaw, 2014). The organization in the study need to analyze all the important factors which will focus on the improvement of the organizational plans and procedures. Program Administration Administration is one of the most important parts in the organizational development. Every employee wants a proper working environment. One of the most important points a proper working environment includes a proper job security (Ma and Ye, 2015). Job security includes the proper salary structure, proper incentive structure and many more. If the employees of the organization are boosted and confident about of their work, it will be certain positive impact in the organizational plans and development. The above three point will ensure the implementation of a proper reward system which will focus on the betterment of the employees and for the betterment of the organization. There are different kinds resources present in the organization. Out of all the resources, the most important resource of the organization is the human resource management (Martin, 2012). It is one of the primary responsibilities of the organization to look after the needs and demand of the employees. On the other hand, it is the job of all the employees to accomplish the common organizational goals (Mello, 2015). Reinforcement and Expectancy Theory Noe (2014) has stated that the reinforcement theory postulated that a behavior, which has a rewarding experience, is likely to take place several times. The implication for remuneration is that high employee performance followed by a mandatory reward would motivate the employees performs best in the workplace. Like this reinforcement theory, another most effective theory in this regard is Vrooms Expectancy theory. It can be seen that this theory concentrates on the link between the rewards and behaviors. However, it is required to mention that as per this theory, motivation is the product of valence along with instrumentality and expectancy. Therefore, it can be stated that remuneration systems in the organization differ as per the impact on these specific motivational components. These two are the most discussed theories in the field of reward system and it can be stated that the managers, leaders and the employees are required to be well acquainted with these theories. Research Methodology The outline of the investigation procedure, which the analyst develops in the overall research operations, is known as research methodology. Depending upon the nature of the research, the analyst decides the selection of the correct research methodology. However, there are several classifications of the research methodologies. The research paper will conclude about research philosophy, research approach and research designs (Mondy and Mondy, 2012). On the other hand, the most important part is the application of different kinds of data analysis and data collection procedure. The overall analysis procedure will ensure that all the requirements of the study are meet accordingly (Mondy and Mondy, 2014). Research Philosophy Positivism is the selected research methodology, which the analyst in the study has adopted in the study. With the application of the positivism research methodology, the analyst in the study will be able to support the overall proceedings of the research work based on real facts and findings. Research Approach The role of the research approach is another important point, which needs to highlight in a proper manner. There are two kinds of research approach, which includes inductive approach and deductive approach. The applications of both inductive approaches as well as the application of deductive approach are the two kinds of research approach with different specifications. Sometimes it becomes very difficult for the analyst to choose whether to go for inductive approach or to go for deductive approach. Based on the requirements of the research, the analyst has decided to go for the deductive approach. With the help of the deductive approach, the analyst in the study will be able to support the research the research work based on existing theories and findings (Weathington, Cunningham and Pittenger, 2012). Research Design The final research methodology is the application of the research design. The analyst in the study has decided to use the notion of the descriptive research design. With the application of a proper research design, the analyst in the study has decided to go for the descriptive research design. With the application of the descriptive research design, the analyst in the study has decided to support the proceedings in an overall in depth analysis. Data Collection and Analysis The overall research proceeding is based on the application of the Primary data analysis. The application of the Primary data analysis includes the use of the both quantitative analysis as well as qualitative analysis (Werner, Schuler and Jackson, 2012). The overall analysis procedure will ensure in the process of supporting the research work based on real findings and analysis. The outline of the investigation procedure is developed in such a manner, which will focus on how rewarding employees and rewarding the performance will be positive for the organization. The application of a proper data analysis procedure will ensure the analyst to support the research proceedings based on real facts. Research Scope The scope of the research will ensure in a proper application of the research philosophy, which will outline the limitations of the research, the specific data and the application of relevant theories. It is one of the most important part in the research proceedings. Research Limitation Limitation of the research work will influence that it cannot be controlled. The limitation of this particular research work is limited in this particular segment. Funds is one of the main source of limitation of any research proceedings. Ethical Consideration Ethics is one of the key parts in all the investigation procedure. It is the principle job of the analyst to follow all the rules and regulations in a proper manner. Conclusions The concluding part of the study will summarize all the factors, which will ensure the effect and impact of rewarding people in the overall performance. The research process will ensure the proceedings of the organizational performance. The role of the employees in the organization contributes as one of the crucial parts. If the employees of the organization are motivated it will automatically allow the organization to achieve the common organizational goals and objectives. Liquor land is the selected organization in the study. It is one of the most common liquor shops in entire New Zealand, and it operates its business across the major cities of New Zealand. By using proper research methodology, the out of the study is prepared. H1 hypothesis is accepted in the research, as motivating people in the organization will ensure the organization to achieve the common organizational goals and objectives. References List Dessler, G. (2013).Human resource management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Dowling, P., Festing, M. and Engle, A. (2013).International human resource management. Andover: Cengage Learning. Gupta, N. and Shaw, J. (2014). Employee compensation: The neglected area of HRM research.Human Resource Management Review, 24(1), pp.1-4. Hayton, J. (2011).Global human resource management casebook. New York, NY: Routledge. Ivancevich, J. and Konopaske, R. (2013).Human resource management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Ma, L. and Ye, M. (2015). The Role of Electronic Human Resource Management in Contemporary Human Resource Management.JSS, 03(04), pp.71-78. Martin, A. (2012).Human resource performance management. Uxbridge: Koros. Mello, J. (2015).Strategic human resource management. Stamford, Calif.: Cengage Learning. Mondy, R. and Mondy, J. (2012).Human resource management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Mondy, R. and Mondy, J. (2014).Human resource management. Boston: Pearson. Noe, R. (2014).Fundamentals of human resource management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Prescott, R. and Rothwell, W. (2012).The encyclopedia of human resource management. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Shen, J. (2015). Principles and Applications of Multilevel Modeling in Human Resource Management Research.Human Resource Management, p.n/a-n/a. Stone, D. and Deadrick, D. (2015). Challenges and opportunities affecting the future of human resource management.Human Resource Management Review, 25(2), pp.139-145. Stone, D., Deadrick, D., Lukaszewski, K. and Johnson, R. (2015). The influence of technology on the future of human resource management.Human Resource Management Review, 25(2), pp.216-231. Stone, R. (2014).Human resource management. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley and Sons Australia. Tharenou, P. (2015). Researching expatriate types: the quest for rigorous methodological approaches.Human Resource Management Journal, 25(2), pp.149-165. Tijms, H. (2012).Understanding probability. New York: Cambridge University Press. Weathington, B., Cunningham, C. and Pittenger, D. (2012).Understanding business research. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Werner, S., Schuler, R. and Jackson, S. (2012).Human resource management. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning.

To what extent is Othello presented as a tragic hero in Act 1 of Othello Essay Example

To what extent is Othello presented as a tragic hero in Act 1 of Othello Paper The famous Philosopher, Aristotle, explored what exactly is a tragic hero; he said, in his own words, A man doesnt become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall. (1). Also, a man should have nobility from birth, as Aristotle says, yet Othello slowly climbed the ladder of hierarchy enabling him to stable that status as the Moor (Venetian Moor) yet he sets himself as a tragic hero because he isnt going to accepted into society due to his colour. Was his colour a conceit in a way, showing an anticlimax, foreshadowing the downfall of his status, making it less tragic? This is a mere criticism. Aristotles theories are intriguing, and I will be discussing these in detail later on in the essay. Another characteristic of a tragic hero is that the heros story must appeal to emotions. Clearly we are shown this in the first scene in act 1 where Shakespeare uses sibilance to characterise the main characters, Iago and Othello, in the play. The use of the word his automatically spits the word out in distaste. The word his is degrading for the moor, but the sibilance and the iambic pentameter in the sentence wears out his time, much like his masters ass emphatically forces the his out scornfully. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent is Othello presented as a tragic hero in Act 1 of Othello specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent is Othello presented as a tragic hero in Act 1 of Othello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent is Othello presented as a tragic hero in Act 1 of Othello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The use of the article the in the moor also shows distaste as they cant even say the name. The fact that Iagos first words were Sblood gives us a vain, vivid spitting image and the vulgar language used such as the moor debase him This is an effective use of pathos as it appeals to our emotions towards Othello; this distaste helps us with not looking at the perspective, or the distorted view, of how Iago sees things. Aristotles point about appealing to emotions was correct and this is a sign of Othello being presented as a tragic hero. Iago is an allegory for the reoccurring fatal flaw in this act the fatal flaw is merely manipulation. Even though little manipulation is shown here, it is very intense. In act 1, scene two, Iago says that Roderigo prated and spoke such scurvy persuading the moor to get angry at Roderigo, yet the dramatic irony very much lies beneath these words as we know that Iago presents a fai ade or is, in other words, a representation of Janus (two faced) because Iago says, in scene 1, that he will follow him to serve my turn on him yet he goes against Roderigo now by saying that Roderigo spoke such scurvy. This fatal flow is merely a fai ade within Iago, which merely hides corruption from within, and Iago, of course, is a figure of corruption Othello is merely a tragic hero in some sense as he fell for the wrong person in terms of fraternal (male) bonds for help. This is a major fatal flaw as it showed how male companionship collapsed the foundation and made Othello a dawn fall . The quote an old black ram is tupping your white ewe can be an extended metaphor for the predatory nature of the world. Iago says that he will wear my heart upon my sleeve for daws to peck at, I am not what I am which is a denotation in an interpretive sense that a crow is a symbol of society and society is predatory and everything is deceptive. This dramatic irony is there to show the audience the fatal flaw in Othello believing Iago. Iagos predatory nature on Othello can spark off other events such as paranoia which is shortly developed after Othello being calm for so long it isnt bearable so paranoia sneaks in. His calmness is shown through his first words of Tis better as it is, giving a very patient approach to the situation. Yet, we expect this to juxtapose highly towards the end of the play as we see Iago can do anything to corrupt psychological states of people by manipulation and even greater, maybe paranoia. One critic has criticised the statement that Othello is presented as a tragic hero because Othello is overly aware of his nobility (2). The critic, Leavis, says that Eloquence is a form of arrogance. In act 1, scene 2, Othellos first words are quite subtly yet Eloquent Tis better as it is. Can we, as readers, interpret this as some form of arrogance? In my opinion, the subtlety of the words can confine arrogance. Leavis is very clever in making this statement, and his statement can say Othello is not presented as a tragic hero. A sense of it was doomed before the start is shown in Act 1, scene 3, where Desdemona has her very first words and Othello and herself proclaim love to each other. The iambic pentameter is very significant and Shakespeare very cleverly used it to show love in the blank verse. Nearly all are blank verses (no rhyme but with an iambic pentameter) yet some, for example, what Desdemona says: The rites for which I love him are bereft me breaks the iambic pentameter. This may show corruption in love or the fact that love is a concept which can cause annihilation but this is merely done to show that Othello has brought it on himself so can be a tragic hero. The audience here, have a sense of urgency to relief themselves (catharsis another trait of a hero being a tragic hero). The repetition of fill your purse with money which Iago says to Roderigo makes it as though life is a stage and that all our strings are being pulled by the creator. This repetition is highly manipulative as it says therefore make money. Though, this manipulation isnt a flaw for Roderigo, as his status is nothing compared to Othello, yet later on in the acts, Othello is slowly driven into paranoia by the vehicle Iago is driving and causing hamartia (fatal flaw). The socio-historical context with Macbeths is important as they interlink and you can come to a conclusion about both of them. From both, Othello and Macbeth, it shows Shakespeare is interested in deception; at the start of Macbeth, the tragic hero is characterised by Iago, and at the start of Macbeth by the witches. It seems as though Shakespeare is allowing us too see different perceptions, through women (witches) and men (Iago and roderigo). Lady Macbeth is almost a mirror image of Iago in a distorted way as they both drive to manipulate; Lady Macbeth manipulated Macbeth to go kill the king. Shakespeare questions whether we should break the convention of men before women or not, as both are corrupted and delusional and both play a part in the tragedy of the tragic hero

study on children with abdominal pain and its relationship to mental illness essays

study on children with abdominal pain and its relationship to mental illness essays Bibliography: Hotopf, Matthew, Why Do Children Have Chronic Abdominal Pain, and What Happens to Them When They Grow Up? British Medical Journal, April 1998 Topic: Why Do Children Have Chronic Abdominal Pain, and What Happens to Them When They Grow Up? Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that children who have persistent abdominal pain come from families with high rates of psychiatric disorder, neuroticism and physical illness. The study also analyzed whether these children will suffer from the previously mentioned illnesses in adulthood. Subjects: The study the based on a sample stratified for social class of all singe legitimate births (3637) that occurred in England, Wales, and Scotland in one week of March in 1946. All children born to non-manual workers and agricultural workers were surveyed, while those born to other laborers were sampled in a ratio of 1:4. Controls were defined as survey members who participated in the same waves of data collection during early childhood, but whom either no abdominal pain was reported or it occurred only once or twice. Information was based on hospital admissions of children who suffered from abdominal pain. Persistent abdominal pain was described as abdominal pain that was reported suggesting that the pain was chronic. Hospital records for these children were carefully reviewed by a pediatrician, and those with a defined organic cause of pain that was judged to have been present throughout childhood were excluded from the sample. Parental illness was accessed when the survey members were aged 15. The mother was asked if she or her husband had suffered from illnesses such as asthma, cough, rheumatism in joints, anemia, heart trouble, kidney trouble, and other health complaints. School attendance records of the children were assessed twice during childhood. Teachers were asked to rate whether the chil ...

The 25 Best US Colleges for International Students

The 25 Best US Colleges for International Students SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Each year, nearly one million international students enroll in US undergraduate and graduate programs. There are so many colleges and universities in the US, though, that it can be tough to know where to start, especially if you’re applying from out of the country. In this post, I’ll lay out some of the best universities for international students. Whether you’re looking for generous financial aid, large international populations, or special international programs, we’ve got you covered. Finally, I’ll lay out the five most important steps you need to take if you want to go to school in the US, straight from the State Department. Let’s get started! What Makes a School Good for International Students? Applying to college is stressful for students all over the world. If you're looking to attend an international school, particularly one that's located in the US, there are a few additional, unique obstacles to worry about: Funding your education. US schools are notoriously expensive, and international students aren't eligible for many forms of American financial aid. Finding an environment of your peers. Although some students may not be concerned with finding a group of international peers at a US school, many may feel more comfortable with a student body composed of a healthy mix of domestic and international students. You may also find more resources, student groups, and activities geared towards students from outside the US at these schools. Achieving comfort and success in a very new environment. As an international student, you may be looking for specialized social, academic, professional, and language support. Moving to a new country is stressful- it's a good idea to think about what support systems would help you transition. Although international students may have other concerns when applying to US schools, I think the above points are the most universal. The rest of this post will list the types of schools that address these problems, i.e. the best colleges for international students. I'll list the schools that give generous financial aid to foreign nationals, boast large percentages of international students, and offer special support to non-US citizens. Your own priorities will dictate which type of school might serve you best. Let's get to the good stuff- which schools should you actually start checking out? Cheapest Colleges for International Students International students aren’t eligible for federal financial aid, a big source of funding for students here in the US. Unless a school’s total Cost of Attendance isn’t an issue for you, you may want to consider institutions that allocate large amounts of their own financial aid money to international students. A school’s generosity may help cover the deficit left by a lack of access to federal aid. A little background information before we get started: attending college in the US is expensive. In fact, the US one of the most expensive places in the world to get a college education. And just because a school offers financial aid doesn't mean you won't end up paying quite a bit in the long run- it's common for students in the US to be saddled with significant student loan debt. If cost is a concern for you, the following list of cheapest colleges for international students should be a great place to start your school search. They all awarded financial aid to at least 50 students from abroad for the 2017-2018 school year. If you're worried about spending a lot of cash on your degree, you will want to look for schools that try to attract international students with financial incentives. A final disclaimer: the schools below are all pretty high-ranked institutions. Schools like this tend to have larger endowments and more money to give to students via financial aid. You’d have to be a very competitive applicant to gain admission to many of these schools (perhaps even more competitive than a similar domestic applicant). Click the name of the school to get more information about admissions statistics. Source: US News World Report Columbia University, New York, NY Number of international students who received aid: 257 Average aid amount awarded: $66,350 Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Number of international students who received aid: 594 Average aid amount awarded: $64,459 Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY Number of international students who received aid: 83 Average aid amount awarded: $63,855 Williams College, Williamstown, MA Number of international students who received aid: 92 Average aid amount awarded: $62,873 Trinity College, Hartford, CT Number of international students who received aid: 170 Average aid amount awarded: $62,241 Amherst College, Amherst, MA Number of international students who received aid: 147 Average aid amount awarded: $62,022 Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT Number of international students who received aid: 98 Average aid amount awarded: $61,549 Duke University, Durham, NC Number of international students who received aid: 207 Average aid amount awarded: $61,497 Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA Number of international students who received aid: 90 Average aid amount awarded: $61,052 Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY Number of international students who received aid: 77 Average aid amount awarded: $61,052 Colleges With the Largest International Student Presence If you’re applying to schools in the US, financial aid is likely not your only concern. You might also be wondering which colleges and universities have large international populations. Large numbers of international students at a particular school indicate a more diverse student body. If this criterion is important to you, you’ll definitely want to check out the following list of schools. Keep in mind that this list is based on the percentage of international students, and not necessarily raw numbers of international students - many large, metropolitan schools attract a significant number of students from outside the US. You might notice that there’s no overlap between the following schools and schools that provide the most financial aid to international students. If you’re interested primarily in schools with a large international student presence, keep in mind they may be significantly more expensive than the institutions listed above. You'll find more international clubs, activities, and social networks at schools that tend to attract high percentages of students from other countries. The following institutions- all national universities- reported the largest percentages of international students for 2017-2018. Source: US News World Report Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL Percentage of international students: 32% Total undergraduate enrollment: 3,635 New School, New York, NY Percentage of international students: 32% Total undergraduate enrollment: 7,203 University of Rochester, Rochester, NY Percentage of international students: 24% Total undergraduate enrollment: 6,546 Boston University, Boston, MA Percentage of international students: 22% Total undergraduate enrollment: 18,080 Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA Percentage of international students: 22% Total undergraduate enrollment: 6,896 Suffolk University, Boston, MA Percentage of international students: 22% Total undergraduate enrollment: 5,117 Brandeis University, Waltham, MA Percentage of international students: 21% Total undergraduate enrollment: 3,635 Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL Percentage of international students: 21% Total undergraduate enrollment: 2,900 University of California- San Diego, La Jolla, CA Percentage of international students: 20% Total undergraduate enrollment: 28,587 New York University, New York, NY Percentage of international students: 19% Total undergraduate enrollment: 26,417 Colleges With Special Services for International Students Some of the best colleges for international students offer specialized programs that make studying in the US a bit easier for foreign nationals. The following list is by no means exhaustive, but it’ll give you a place to start if you're looking for schools that offer unique, helpful services to international students. Some of these schools have dedicated centers for international students. They provide assistance in a variety of areas, including ESL instruction and student visa guidance. Other schools foster an easier transition for international students with mentorship programs or regular faculty check-ins. You may even find specialty scholarship programs meant for students coming from other countries. Many other schools offer resources to students both domestic and international, but the following programs are particularly notable for students coming from abroad. If you think you may need one special program in particular- ESL assistance, for example- I'd encourage you to contact the admissions office at any school of interest for more information. A little bit of help from a friend, peer, or professional can make all the difference. University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ U of A hosts the Center for English as a Second Language, which helps students adjust to using English in professional and academic spaces. For more general assistance, students can go to the school's dedicated International Services Center. Finally, U of A offers an international student scholarship program. Students can receive between $4,000 and $35,000 per year. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN Roughly 8,000 international students attend Purdue each year. The school publishes a quarterly newsletter for international students. Additionally, Purdue fosters an International Friendship Program where domestic students serve as mentors to ease any difficulty in transitioning to a US school. Clemson University, Clemson, SC About 1,500 international students enroll at Clemson each year. The school requires regular meetings between international students and staff to make sure students are happy and successful. University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI About 4,000 students from 130 different countries attend the University of Wisconsin. The school hosts a couple of notable programs. First, the BRIDGE (Building Relationships in Diverse Global Environments) program connects international students with US students during their first year in the US. Second, the Assembly of International Students connects the many international groups on campus to promote cultural awareness and understanding within the student body. Temple University, Philadelphia, PA Temple offers some alternative options to students who may not be ready for a fully English-immersive experience in the US. Their Intensive English Language Program is an educational program that preps students to enroll at a US school or to get a job that requires English proficiency. It is NOT a BA program, but a pre-program of sorts to prepare students for further study. Temple also offers "provisional/conditional admission" to competitive applicants who score below admissions threshold on the TOEFL. What Do You Have to Do to Attend a US School? As an international student, you’ll have to take a few extra steps if you plan on studying in the US. You’ll want to do your own research on any further steps or restrictions for students coming from your particular country, but I’ll give you a basic rundown here, so you know where to start, and you can check out our complete guide to the process for more details. There are more steps to take for international students to attend a US school, but not to worry- they're all laid out below. According to the US State Department, here are the five steps you need to take to study in the US: Step 1: Research Your Options If you’re reading this page, you’ve already begun this step! You’ll want to start this process 12-18 months before the start of the academic year you hope to start studying in the US. It’s especially important to gather information about application criteria and deadlines. If you need some extra help getting started, you should check out our guide on how to research colleges. Step 2: Finance Your Studies Again, you’ve already started gathering info on financing your studies if you’ve checked out the schools at the top of the page. Like I mentioned, schools can be pretty expensive in the US, so you’ll want to have a plan in place for funding your education. Read more about the different types of financial aid and the schools with the most generous aid policies. Step 3: Complete Your College Applications Each college app is unique, although there’s generally a lot of overlap. It’s important to start these applications well before the deadlines (which are often December-January). You might want to read more about the typical college application timeline. As an international applicant, you'll want to be especially careful about arranging for the SAT, ACT, and/or TOEFL. You may not have to submit your TOEFL scores to some colleges if you meet a certain score threshold on SAT/ACT sections. Read more about SAT and ACT prep for ESL and bilingual students to help plan for these important parts of US college applications. Step 4: Apply for Your Student Visa It’s important to allocate plenty of time to complete and submit your visa application, in case any complications come up. Visit the State Department’s website for more information on applying for your visa. Step 5: Prepare for Your Departure This is where you square everything away and make sure all your travel arrangements and documents are ready to go and in compliance. Your new school may also have information available for things like student health insurance, climate, local transportation options, and housing. What's Next? Motivated to start working on your college applications? Great! But before you do, you should definitely figure out which standardized test- the SAT or the ACT- is better for you (did you know that it doesn't usually help to take both)? You might need to do ACT/SAT prep a little differently than the typical US student. For an introduction, read our complete guide to the ACT SAT for international students. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Mexican Americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mexican Americans - Essay Example While the author describes the grandmother as an â€Å"awful grandmother† because of her persistent desire to maintain the traditional church doctrines, the rest of her significant others and other younger generations are embracing a new way of life that is more liberal. This conflict of traditional and modern ways puts the religious grandmother and her grandchildren into constant conflicts. In the story, the grandmother maintains the ways of the church, observing the doctrines of the Catholic Church to the latter. First, the grandmother maintains the use of light candles and use of rosaries when praying for the her family, while the daughter never attends the mass as would be desired by the grandmother. The grandmother maintains the traditional church ways, and use her prayer times to pray for the entire family who are seemingly drifting away from the church and embracing the more liberal approach to life. According to the grandmother’s designated way of life, which ex emplified the conservative ways, there are specific material things that are supposed to be completely shunned. First, the people should shun eating fast foods such as fries, should not spend money on comic books, and should not stay anywhere else other than near the church. The desire to maintain ‘purity’, according to the traditional church doctrines, led to strict ways of life that only matched grandmother’s standards and not any other members of the family. For instance, the son is noncommittal on matters church, and the grandchildren are busy Americanizing their lives from language to general behaviors. It is apparent that the subject family in the story is natives of Spain. However, while only the grandmother is able to speak and understand Spanish, her grandchildren struggles with the native Spanish language, thereby causing some sort of barrier to communication. This exposes the fact that there is an adoption of a different culture from that of the native Spain. The successive generations struggle with the native language, a fact that the older generations understand quite well. While the grandmother's generation lived within the church doctrines, their goals focused into the price that is of a society that is prayerful and bent on defending the outright ways of the church, the changing American society of the younger generation do not mind doing things that are outside the realm of church teachings. For example, the young boy challenges the status quo that he sees as against his good. By telling the sister he is the Flash Gordon, and that the sister is â€Å"Ming the Merciless and the Mud People†, the young boy is trying to spate his ability from that of the sister, portraying himself as the strong righteous one. The younger generations, as represented by the young boy, challenges the role of church rituals such as buring of the candles, kneeling down when praying, and taking of the holy water. To the younger generation, suc h rituals never changed anything as far as reduction of human suffering is concerned. The constant church rituals did not stop people from getting sick from worms and life threatening problems such as depression. The society has played a role in the changes in the attitudes of the young generation. For example, the narrator’s little brother is claiming to want to be a flying feather dancer, but in the process somehow subconsciously expresses what he has seen the surrounding, the second world war

Computer networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Computer networks - Essay Example IP version 4. The protocol operates the network layer that is a third layer of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. Likewise, network layer incorporates addressing information and control information that enables data packets to be routed within the computer network ("Internet Protocol Version 6." 255-255). Moreover, IP version 6 is also considered or called as the next generation IP, as specified by the IEFT: RFC 2460 ("Internet Protocol Version 6." 255-255). However, the primary reason for upgrading the IP version 4 to IP version 6 is address space limitations. Moreover, other issues such as performance, security and auto configuration are considered secondary (Loshin 305). Likewise, address space limitations are linked with the IP address space crisis that is debatable since a very long time and it is considered as the primary motivational factor for the new version (Loshin 305). There were no doubts for the design, as it was remarkably well designed, however, the design w as created twenty years back and needs a review. Moreover, an increasing number of network threats are also addressed in IP version 6 and have more features as compare to IP version 4. Furthermore, in large and complex computer network environments, automated IP configuration reduces administration and configuration. IP version 6 addresses this issue by providing auto configurations of IP addresses. There are numerous research studies that have been carried out for IP version 6. They will be discussed in detail in the body of the report. Figure 1 source: (Che, Lewis 2010) 2 Why IPv6 ? The need for more and more addresses arise because an estimate through the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) reveals that about 85 percent of the IPv4 addresses are currently in use. The European Commission (EC) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) before 2008 states that there is a need to migrate towards IPv6 urgently as they say â€Å"In the short-term, bus inesses and public authorities might be tempted to try to squeeze their needs into the strait jacket of the old system, but this would mean Europe is badly placed to take advantage of the latest Internet technology, and could face a crisis when the old system runs out of addresses. If Europeans are to use the latest Internet devices such as smart RFID tags in shops, factories, and airports, intelligent heating and lighting systems that save energy, and in-car networks and navigation systems, then we already face a thousand-fold increase in demand for IP addresses.† (Courtney 52-54). The same statement also includes that by 2010 every public and industry authorities must migrate towards IPV6. 3 Technical Evaluation 3.1 Technical Specifications of IPv6 The IPv6 is made up of numerous bits of network addresses. The number of bits varies from 32 bits to 128 bits or 3.4 x 1038 nodes that are addressable. They offer exceptional IP addresses that are different for every single networ k device on the globe. The packet related to the IPv6 consists of two major parts i.e. THE HEADER is the top most part and the primary 40 octets of the packet consist of 320 bits. Furthermore, the packet contains (Courtney 52-54): 1. Version The version of this IP is 6 (4-bit IP version) 2. Traffic class-packet priority (8-bits) The value of the priority is sub classified into several ranges. The traffic is delineated as the base that provides

Patient Billing Essay Example for Free

Patient Billing Essay Patient billing System is very important. These are collections of information’s about a patient’s health history. Doctors and the others personnel of the hospital like nurses write is medical records so that they can used the information’s again when the patient’s come back to the hospital. It is job of patient’s registry records works to make sure that the information is intact and available anytime when the patient returns to the hospital. Many hospitals in India still manage the patient data manually. Hospitals will be able to save money and time if they have a good software program for  managing patient’s data. The idea is to develop web based patient billing software that can be used to keep track of the patients registering in a hospital or clinic. Doctors and the rooms available in a hospital can be managed using this system. Also, this system should support accessing the previous visit histories of any patient, search for patients by name etc. * A patient can be categorized as â€Å"In patient† or â€Å"Out Patient†. If patient type is In Patient, a bed will be assigned to the patient. * A doctor will be assigned to each patient before the patient meets the doctor. Only one doctor can be assigned to a patient at a given time. * A patient can visit the hospital any number of times Administrator will have complete control of the system. She/he can Add/Edit/Delete patients, Add/Edit/Delete Doctors, Add/Edit/Delete Beds, Search for patients, Assign patients to doctors. Doctor can access a patient’s record and update his observations about the patient in that particular visit. ABOUT BILLING: Hospital bill for inpatient will include a room charge, which covers room, meals, nursing care, housekeeping, maintenance, medical records and admitting services. Bill will also include itemized charges for specific ancillary services such as laboratory, medications, X-rays and use of the operating room, surgical day care, recovery room, physical therapy and other services. Hospital bill for outpatient will include consultation charges and also include itemized charges. Bill will not include visits by physician and fees for radiology (interpretation of X-rays), anesthesiology, emergency medicine, surgery, and other professional services and consultations provided by physicians. These will be billed separately by the physician. EXISTING SYSTEM: The existing system of the patient billing is completely manual. The secretary or the receptionist will write patient information into a medical  form. The clinician takes the medical history of the patient, writes diagnosis and treatment on the form. The Clinician sometimes can refer the patient to the laboratory for medical test before diagnosis depending on the situation of the patient. All the patient form are collected and kept in the filling cabinet for follow up check and future use Disadvantages of Existing system: * The existing system needs to save patients information in the form of excel sheets. * The manual system gives us very less security for saving data. * Some data may be lost due to mismanagement. * Searching of particular room vacancy information is very critical where it takes lot of time. * This system is not having the facility of tracking transfers of patients from the general ward to the ICU and vice versa. * Cannot Upload and Download the latest updates. * No use of Web Services and Remoting. * The existing system is Less user friendly Proposed system: The modern computerized system is developed with the aim to overcome the drawbacks of existing system. The proposed system has got many advantages. It will improve the keeping of medical records of the patient, can handle data efficiently, more accurate in filling and retrieving of records. Since the necessary data is available in one place and the computer is able to manipulate it like sorting, stratifying, then the reports are easy to make unlike using the manual system. The Proposed system directly maps on database and its focuses in adding, searching, modifying, printing and saving of the medical history/ diagnosis of the patient. †¢ This system can provide the information about the patient based on the ward number whether the patient is either in the general ward or the ICU immediately. †¢ By using this system we can prepare all bills pending to be paid by a patient before the patients discharge which is computerized. Advantages of proposed system: * User friendliness is provided in the application with various controls. * The system makes much easier and flexible. * Readily upload the latest updates. * There is no risk of data mismanagement at any level. * It provides high level of security with different level of authentication. * We can keep a track of all beds occupied / free in both the ward and the ICU by using this system. * We can keep track of all transfers of patients from the general ward to the ICU and vice versa. * This system is providing the facility of viewing all information about patients details, their admit time and the amount to be paid based on the treatment given and the ward selected. * We can register all the patient details like the amount to be paid / any balance remaining, the ward number, the bed number, the registration number, case number etc. as soon as a new patient is joined in the hospital MODULES: 1. Search module 2. Appointment module 3. Bill generation module 4. Payment module 5. Security authentication module 6. Reports module 1. Search module: This module facilitates the receptionist for searching about the patients past history, availability of Doctors their timings, Doctors details also about the doctors movement from one branch to another branch. This module keep a track of all beds occupied /free in both the ward and the ICU. Keep a track of all transfers of patients from the general ward to the ICU and vice versa. We can also view the patient details like the ward number, the bed number, the registration number, case number etc. It also help the patient for searching the branches details of the hospital, timings of the hospital, availability of the Doctors their timings, availability of the appointments etc. 2. Appointment module: This module is dealing with assigning a doctor to each patient before the patient meets the doctor based on their availability. Only one doctor can be assigned to a patient at a given time 3. Bill generation module: This module is dealing with generation of the bills for inpatient which contains the details of all patients, their admit time and the amount to be paid based on the treatment given and the ward selected. We can also view the patient details like amount to be paid / any balance remaining etc. This module also deals with the generation of the bills for outpatient which contains consultation fees. The bill may include itemized charges for specific ancillary services such as laboratory, medications, X-rays and use of the operating room, surgical day care, recovery room, physical therapy and other services. separate bill will be generated for radiology (interpretation of X-rays), anesthesiology, emergency medicine, surgery, and other professional services etc. 4. Payment module: This module is dealing with the payment of bill through the credit card or cash. 5.Security and Authentication: * Login as Receptionist or administrator * Change password * Forgot Password 6. Reports: In this Module, Different actors can generate the different types of Reports according to their access. FEASIBILITY STUDY: Preliminary investigation examine project feasibility, the likelihood the system will be useful to the organization. The main objective of the feasibility study is to test the technical, operational and economical feasibility for adding new modules and debugging old running system. All system is feasible if they are unlimited resources and infinite time. These are aspects in the feasibility study portion of the preliminary investigation. 1. Technical feasibility 2. Operational feasibility 3. Economical feasibility Technical Feasibility: The technical issue usually raised during the feasibility stage of the investigation includes the following: * Does the necessary technology exist to do what is suggested? * Do the proposed equipments have the technical capacity to hold the data required to use the new system? * Will the proposed system provide adequate response to inquiries, regardless of the number or location of users? * Can the system be upgraded if developed? * Are there technical guarantees of accuracy, reliability, ease of access and data security? Permission to the users would be granted based on the roles specified. Therefore, it provides the technical guarantee of accuracy, reliability and security. The software and hardware requirements for the development of this project are not many and are available as free as open source. The work for the project is done with the current equipment and existing software technology. Necessary bandwidth exists for providing a fast feedback to the users irrespective of the number of users using the system. OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY: Proposed projects are beneficial only if they can be turned out into information system. That will meet the organizations operating requirements. Operational feasibility aspects of the project are to be taken as an important part of the project implementation. some of the important issues raised are to test the operational feasibility of a project includes the following: * Is there sufficient support for the management from the users? * Will the system be used and work properly if it is being developed and implemented? * Will there be any resistance from the user that will undermine the possible application benefits? This system is targeted to be in accordance with the above mentioned issues. Beforehand, the management issues and user requirements have been taken into consideration. So, there is no question of resistance from the users that can undermine the possible application benefits. The well planned design would ensure the optimal utilization of the computer resources and would help in the improvement of performance status. ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY: A system can be developed technically and that will be used if installed must still be a good Investment for the organization. In the economical feasibility, the development cost in creating the system is evaluated against the ultimate benefit derived from the new systems. Financial benefits must equal or exceed the costs. The system is economically feasible. It does not require any addition hardware or software. Since the interface for this system is developed using the existing resources and technologies, there is nominal expenditure and economical feasibility for certain. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: Operating system:Windows XP Browser:Internet Explorer 5.5 User Interface:HTML, CSS Client side scripting:JavaScript Programming Language:Java Web Applications:JDBC, JSP Database:Oracle10g Connection:TCP/IP Protocol:HTTP,SMTP,POP3 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: Processor:Pentium IV Hard Disk:Minimum 40GB RAM:512MB or more

Hercules and Syprus :: essays research papers

Now Heracles had just finished his tweleveth labour when the king said that he has another labour.Hercales is now devistated and angry at the king but he does not show it.He looks up to the king and says "O your highness, haven't you put me into enough danger of your liking?""No!"The king shouted.Heracles was now ready to run away because the king was putting to much pressure on him but he decided to do this one last labour."You will have to go into the village of Athens and there you will ask many people about Syprus,the deadliest dragon ever" Said the king Zeus.Now the king was very satisfied that Heracles fullfilled all his demands but he was'nt satisfied with the quantity of labours."This dragon is so fierce that he can eat the lions of the forests and jungles without even trying.He once had eaten the godess Aphrodite but she had escaped with great courage and strength" said the king."And what are the weaknesses of this fierce and dangerous creature you are talking about oh great one"said Heracles."There are none, I'm afraid"said the king slyly."You will have to kill this dragon and flay it.Then you will put your hands amongst it's long and leathery tail and you will feel for a large rectangular box.You will bring this box to me but you shall not open it.This is your final labour and I wish you to fullfill it or else...."the king said nodding."Well I must be heading my way to the village Athen to do my last labour,do you wish me good luck and safety,o great one?"asked Heracles.The king did not say anything for a moment and then shouted out "Go on before I change my mind to something more worse."But there was'nt anything more worse than the Syprus, so if Heracles stayed the king would just have to make up something.Heracles left and made his way to Athen's.When he got there he asked almost all of the working villagers and all of them pointed him to go into the large cave in the North of Athen's.Heracles went North and found a large cave that can fit the whol e world."By the looks of this cave I can see that the one that I've been looking for has been looking for me"siad Heracles.Heracles went into the cave and took out his large club that he had carved and went to explore.

Synopsis of Amul

[pic] Synopsis Of Major Project Report on Sales & Distribution Management Role of Sales and Distribution in AMUL India Guided By:-Submitted by:- Dr . Alok Mittal Sir Medha Nakhare MBA 3rd Sem Section- Y Introduction Sales Management-Sales management is a business discipline which is focused on the practical application of sales techniques and the management of a firm's sales operations. It is an important business function as net sales through the sale of products and services and resulting profit drive most commercial business.These are also typically the goals and performance indicators of sales management. Sales manager is the typical title of someone whose role is sales management. The role typically involves sales planning, human resources, talent development, leadership and control of resources such as organisational assets. Distribution -Overseeing the movement of goods from supplier or manufacturer to point of sale. Distribution management is an overarching term that refers t o numerous activities and processes such as packaging, inventory, warehousing, supply chain and logistics.Effectively managing the entire distribution process is critical to financial success and corporate longevity. The larger a corporation or the greater the number of supply points a company has, the more it will need to rely on automation to effectively manage the distribution process. Introduction to AMUL Amul is the name dairy cooperative in India. Derived from the Sanskrit word â€Å"Amulya,† Amul means invaluable. Formed in 1946, it is a brand name managed by an Indian cooperative organisation, Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. GCMMF), which today is jointly owned by 3. 03 million milk producers in Gujarat, India. Entrance of Amul factory Amul is based in Anand, Gujarat and has been a successful example of cooperative organization. Amul spurred the White Revolution in India which in turn made India the largest producer of milk and milk products in the world. It is also the world's largest vegetarian cheese brand . Amul is the largest food brand in India and world's largest pouched milk brand with an annual turnover of US $2. 2 billion (2010-11). Currently Unions making up GCMMF have 3. million producer members with milk collection average of 9. 10 million litres per day. Besides India, Amul has entered overseas markets such as Mauritius, UAE, USA, Oman, Bangladesh, Australia, China, Singapore, Hong Kong and a few South African countries. Its bid to enter Japanese market in 1994 did not succeed, but it plans to venture again. Dr Verghese Kurien, former chairman of the GCMMF, is recognised as a key person behind the success of Amul. On 10 Aug 2006 Parthi Bhatol, chairman of the Banaskantha Union, was elected chairman of GCMMF. LITERATURE REVIEW Dr.Erich  Joachimsthaler, CEO, Vivaldi Partners and Co author with David Aaker  of the seminal book  Ã‚  BRAND LEADERSHIP  says that this no longer means mere lip service on the par t of the marketers of milk product market. As he points out, perhaps to many a brand marketer's chagrin, brands don't occupy much mind space. In consumers,  but revolves around other interest in their lives. Now as he says companies like AMUL,SANCHI, develop products that fit in to consumers' lives rather than develop products,which they think consumers will prefer  The next decade is expected to be quite cataclysmic for milk product market specially for  AMUL, an article by D.Shivakumar, ED of Philips India, captures the essence of the changes that are being wrought. But the refrain is the same. To manage and succeed in tomorrow's Brand world in milk line product, marketing teams of AMUL would need to  be far more right brained than left brained they need to be more consumer connected and responsive than ever before. Speed, smart thinking and sensitivity will be the skill set of  the marketer Objectives †¢ To estimate market potential and perception towards product. †¢ To find out frequency of consumption of product. To know the awareness among the retailers for the product. †¢ To do market analysis in order to study usage patterns and buying behaviour of product. †¢ To know the awareness level among the consumers for product. †¢ To know the causes of not buying the product. Research  Methodology The research includes meetings with the retailers, consumers and dealers. It includes preparation of the questionnaire to be answered by people for knowing the competitive position of Amul in the milk market. The views of the people will be recorded in the  research as per the questionnaire. Research  ApproachThe objective is to know the competitive position of Amul in the milk market thus in order  to successfully conduct the research the unbiased opinion of the parties was desirable. Thus, the research will conducted as the representative of Amul company and sometimes the representatives of the other company like Saurabh o r Sanchi in order to have an unbiased opinion of the concerned persons. Research  Instrument The research instrument is the structured questionnaire formulated for the respondents. The questionnaire will be different for the retailers and dealers and for the consumers there is a different set of questionnaire.There will also the area maps. SAMPLING PLAN How should the respondents be chosen? To get the most feasible and accurate result, simple random probability sampling method was adopted for direct interview of  retailers and cluster sampling was used to communicate the consumers from different apartments of different sectors for the survey. In simple random probability sampling, probability of being chosen as a sample unit for each unit in the population is equal. Each sample unit from the population is chosen randomly. Probability  of  being  chosen  as  a  sample  it  depends  upon  the  population size and no. of sample units to be chosen.While in clus ter (area) sampling the population is divided into mutually exclusive groups (such as city blocks, sectors etc. ), and the researcher draws a sample of the groups using random sampling. Sometimes researcher again draws sample units of respondents from selected groups. It is known as two-step area sampling. Tools for collecting Data Data is generally of two types-: a) Primary Data b) Secondary Data Primary Data Those data specially collected for problem in hand. In this study, data were collected from primary sources in personal interview of retailers and interaction with consumers by survey method.These methods of data collection are quite popular. These are the major methods of data collection in the research study. Methods of collecting Primary Data- †¢ Face to Face survey †¢ Open handed interview †¢ Telephone Survey †¢ Postal Survey †¢ Consumer Panels †¢ Experiments †¢ Observations Secondary Data Those data which are collected other than helping others and solving problems are known as the Secondary data. For example, Old reports, company records, magazines, company website, etc. Methods of collecting secondary data-: ? Internal Sources- †¢ Existing Report †¢ Distribution Data Shopkeepers Opinions †¢ Stock Records †¢ Sales Records †¢ Accounting Records ? External sources- †¢ Government Statistics †¢ Specialist Business Organization †¢ Consumer database LIMITATIONS This report will have to work under several constraints and limitations. Some of the key limitation are.. 1. The survey will be limited only a small area. 2. Convenient sampling will be used as the mode of conducting the research. 3. The sample size of the taken will be small, therefore it can be said that the chosen sample is not the representative of the whole population and this hindered quantitative research. 4.The psychology and temperament of a respondent play a significant role. Some respondents are more sensitive as against others who are more tolerant. A change in the composition of the respondents can affect the  answers adversely or favourably. 5. Respondents may not have been true in answering various questions and may be biased to certain other questions. 6. Out of the whole research and analysis, only three major brands will be highlighted, leaving aside the other non-popular brands. BIBLIOGRAPHY & WEBLIOGRAPHY 1. Marketing Management- Philip Kotler 2. www. google. com 3. www. wikipedia. com 4. www. amul. com [pic]

Emhart business

The possibility of the lock business of Emhart to succeed in line with the power tool and land home improvement of B & B is very slim in the international market place in as much as it is offering a new line of product. Different products take different approaches in the international market. Consequently, there in the need to map out another strategies for the marketing of the new lock and associated hard wares.In as much as Grunewald’s proposal for Emhart business tool is on a global out look, should be given all the necessary approach although not in the same marketing plan and strategy with B & D due to the fact that the products offer vary from one company’s brand name to another. The issue is that, the buyer in foreign markets should are aware of product’s quality and durability before they place orders. In as much as B & D has different product lines and brand names, it is not possible to sell Emhart product in those market proportionately.It will take tim e to penetrate the overseas markets. B & D has performed very well using the three key factors which include â€Å"strategies, managerial and operational activities† â€Å"Black & Decker operationalised its global approach to the identification and development of world products through a process of strategic managerial and operational activities (integrative cases page 655). Consequently, Grunewald should follow these three plans although not in the same approach but on a similar platform due to the fact that his line of products is different from that of B & D with a new brand name.The three plans (strategies, managerial and operational activities) was applied by B & D in the identification and development of world cleans products. So the words to note are, â€Å"identification† â€Å"development† and a â€Å"world clans products. So the first strategy to apply is the product â€Å"identification†. He has identified the â€Å"locks and lock sets† handled by Emhart corporation which he wanted to integrate to a world class company in the marketing of her land wares. The big question is, how he knew that the hard ware will be marketable in the overseas countries amidst stiff competition?.What strategies is he going to apply in order to determine the penetration of his line of product in those markets abroad?. The strategies to be carried out is the identification of a new product. In order words, his product is new in the foreign market. To begin, there is the need to carry out a market research on the products in order to find out the list of countries that have the highest import rate of kitchen hard waves, the exporting countries to those overseas countries on his research list. He must find out the prices they offer, quality, specifications delivery, etc.He must get this data first and based on these findings, he can map out his strategies. He has two options to take either to sets up a production until in those countries or exporting it directly. Although establishing a production unit is more economical in order to reduce cost of about 50% percent. He should also considered the individual government rules and regulation in those foreign countries as regards exports/import activities and in setting up production unit. In either ways he chooses, he should map out his strategies that will enable him complete with other foreign suppliers in those foreign countries.He should get samples of the products that are being supplied to those countries to see if he can make a change, modify, making it keeper than others etc. This is the most important aspect of his marketing strategy. He should do every thing possible to make his line of products more economically be attracted to customers in those countries. This is the first step he should do. He should also put into consideration using the â€Å"4 Ps† which include product, promotion, place and price. In marketing strategic, the product should be con sidered first and then the quality, in order to satisfy the buyer.As regards your place of businessm You should appoint sales representative / distributors in case of exporting to those countries. In the case of setting up production unit, its factory location within and industrial areas become very necessary as local distributors can easily carry his products and sell to whole seller and retailers; he should consider the price of the products and make it very competitive with other dealers both on export to those countries and from the production unit in those countries.There is also the need for its publicity. The products should be advertised both in the electronic media and in the printed media, to enable it penetrate the foreign markets. Also he must find out the bilateral relationship between those countries and his country. It may be that due to economic and political reason, his country is restricted to trade with either of the countries on the import list.He should also und erstand the culture of the people as B & D did and should study the political stability of that country and must ensure that, he insures his investment which should include both insurance from an issuance firm and re-insurance from government agency dealing in export for his national products. This service from the government will assist him a great deal in competing with other suppliers to those regions due to the fact that he could offer goods on credit to buyers and sell at a very competitive price under the government and insurance guaranteeSecure against currency inconvertibility and confiscation of assets by host government in case of setting up production unit abroad. In another development, he may set up the production unit on the export processing zone which can reduce cost unto 60% of the cost and product can be sold both locally and internationally (for exporting to third countries). These are some of the areas to be considered in penetrating the foreign markets as a reco mmendable strategy. The next step is the product development. The product should be developed based on the researched that has been carried out as stated above.It must fulfill all the condition necessary to enable it complete with other supplies â€Å"This stage is an evaluation of the product idea in term of its potential for enabling the company to take maximum advantage of its competitive strong point†¦. † (Don Weller: export product development of international trade center (ITCC) Geneva). The next is the product identification â€Å"world class product† like that of B & D. The very procedure outlined about relating product identification should as well be applicable in all foreign countries since, the culture, consuming pattern, prices varies from one country to another.If this is put into action, then, the product will be marketable in different parts of the world â€Å"Don† of ITC wrote â€Å" product differentiation means selling exactly the same p roduct in every market†. It could be the same hard wave from Emhart but specification, sizes, prices, colour etc, vary from one country to another in considering the above factor. In carrying out the market research, he should apply both desk and field research. â€Å"Desk research basically involves the collection of information from documentary sources published in unpublished†¦ â€Å"according to Don.Today the internet has become a major source for desk research as most library has gone online; information that can be obtained from desk research include, prices of the commodity, suppliers data, information about the political, terrif of those countries etc. The other is called â€Å"Field Research†. The field research should be carried out in the foreign country. In that case, a questionnaire is designed which is given to people in those countries most preferably, the dealers of the hard ware who already had experience in the market.The research will include q uestions that will be asked in order to find out the market position of the country in terms of prices, consuming pattern, quality, specification etc. Therefore, the product identification and development in order to suit the foreign market requirement is the key to Emhart’s success. The next is the managerial ability. The management team should include staff that are experienced in international trade operation. Those that can formulate policies and sound business ideas in caring out their operations Worley wrote â€Å"initiate the inquiring.This phase determines the subject and change. It emphasized member involvement to identify the organizational issue they have the most to address† (page 29). In as much as Emhart is focusing on global market, there is the need to replace old staff with new staff that have the skill in international operation. worley added â€Å"individual level design components† – Skill – varied, the range of activities and a bilities required task completion†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In as much as the required staff are put into place, operation can begin based on the researched that had been concluded in foreign markets on those products.At this function, Gramuld, can follow up the procedures adopted by B & D by opening regional offices and sales representatives in different part of the word. B & D can provide training to the staff that had the relevant qualification and considerable experience. This is the transfer of the â€Å"know how† from B & D to Emhart in their international operations. Gruamud should as has well consult a consultants in international trade who can draw out plans to enable him operate efficiently.

Frankenstein and Dorian Gray Essays

Frankenstein and Dorian Gray Essays Frankenstein and Dorian Gray Paper Frankenstein and Dorian Gray Paper Essay Topic: Dr Faustus The Picture of Dorian Gray The nineteenth century was a time of fantastic development and change, both scientifically and psychologically, which would have placed a dramatic effect on the writing of Mary Shelley and Oscar Wilde. The new science suggested that we do not know the universe, that what we know suggests a struggle, and that human beings take part in that struggle because their minds are clouded by unconscious motivations. In a period when the distinctions between the disciplines were less rigid, especially in science art and philosophy; science was considered to hold the key to social progress. Incredible discoveries were occurring; in 1802 Galvani showed that running a current through a frog produces a twitch-endanger life, and in 1803, Aldani attached a battery to the corpse of a criminal which led to it moving and one of its eyes moving. These breakthroughs would have inspired Shelley enormously. Shelley was brought up by wealthy, middle-class parents and had a respectable, almost idyllic childhood. Her father, William Godwin was both a philosopher and a novelist. He had a passion for science and Marys childhood was dominated by her love to roam around her fathers extensive library. Shelley wanted to speak of the mysterious fears of our nature and awaken thrilling horror, and so created a gothic novel. Mary Shelley was influenced by Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834), a poet and critic, who deemed it important to address scientific issues in his work. Shelleys biggest inspiration was her husband, Percy Shelley, who had an intensive excitement for nature, the supernatural and science, all themes that vividly run through Frankenstein. He was interested in live matter emerging from dead matter. : Critic Mario Praz expresses that All Mrs Shelley did was to provide a passive reflection of some of the wild fantasies which, as it were, hung in the air about her. Oscar Wilde, the author of The Picture of Dorian Gray, was mainly influenced by the psychological development in the nineteenth century. Until the 1880s, psychology was widely regarded as a branch of philosophy, before it developed as an independent scientific discipline. Psychology borders on various other fields including neuroscience and artificial intelligence; factors of which Mary Shelley also bases her writing upon. The progress of psychology, and most prominently Sigmund Freuds psychoanalysis would have been a huge influence on Wildes writing. Oscar Wildes tutor, Reverend JP Mahaffy, was a huge inspiration to him, along with his parents who were noted authors. The imprisonment of Wilde had a huge affect on his writing and could possibly have led him to develop the sinister character of Dorian Gray. Victor Frankenstein could be described as too impatient, ambitious and self-centred to accept the slow pace of science and evolution, which could explain his despair before the creation of the monster. By using chemicals to put together his creature, he short-circuits the natural cycle required for the creation of new life, and the result of his experiment is, in effect, an evolutionary step backwards. The Modern Prometheus, as Frankenstein is sometimes referred, originates from the Latin Prometheus, who makes an unnatural man from clay and water to directly repel against the laws of nature. The figure of Prometheus was the subject of a poem published by Lord Byron in 1816 who explored and harnessed the secrets of nature. Shelley immensely uses the theme of Prometheus throughout Frankenstein, and Victors creation of the monster is almost identical to that. These two aspects of the Prometheus story, creation and transgression, complicate the image of the scientist represented by Victor Frankenstein. Victor Frankenstein could be compared with Dr Faustus, a man who desires to know the secrets of the universe, and sells his soul to Satan. He becomes power-hungry but does not know how to handle the power. The Faust legend raises the question of eternal damnation due to the unpardonable sin of despair. Victor relinquishes his family for the pursuit of secret knowledge, and, working in isolation, creates a creature that he abandons. This can also be compared to Oscar Wildes Dorian Gray. Wilde was very familiar with the Faust legend through popular culture and so incorporated its themes into his writing. Lord Henry can be associated with the devil, or at least the devils advocate, and Dorian Gray the innocent, unwitting, insecure boy who has his flaws manipulated by Lord Henry. He persuades nai ve Dorian, to exchange his soul for eternal youth which in turn leads him to become greedy and out of control. Mary Shelley was reading the book Emile previous to writing Frankenstein. The novel argues that mans nature is harmless, but is made evil by societys perception. The monster, although visually distorted and horrendous, was not born a bad person. A parents, or creators job is to support and care for their creation, which Victor failed to do. Inspiration for this storyline may have originated from Marys home life. Both Percys and her father simultaneously disowned them for falling in love with one another, similar to Victor and the monster, on their departure she began to write Frankenstein. The theme of the monster in man is very apparent in both Frankenstein and The Picture of Dorian Gray. In Shelleys novel, the monster is used as a symbol for our own inner ugliness. Although it appears to be the cause of fear and prejudice, it could stand for a hideous and violent reaction to something unknown and different. This is similarly obvious in Wildes Dorian Gray, as Dorian is an envied, beautiful man, but on discovery that he will one day lose his assets and look different, his personality significantly alters and he transforms into a monster. Another theme that is present in both novels is that of discovery. Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein and the monster all begin by expressing their desires to discover. The monster has humble aims to discover motives, but the others have lofty ambitions and are prepared to sacrifice human relationships to fulfil them. Dorian Grays only motive is to sustain his youth, but by doing this embarks on an incredible journey which enables him to discover himself, and release the monstrous characteristics he possess inside him.