Concept Of Promoting Healthy Ageing Health And Social Care Essay

Ageing is non an event that can happen over a period of clip but a procedure which begins at construct and continues throughout the life ( Crandell 1980 ) . Harmonizing to Cheng ( 2006 ) & A ; Baltes ( 1990 ) , ageing is more than the series of biological alterations. Ripening can be defined by gender, category, societal standing, and civilization instead than twelvemonth alone.Ageing is an inevitable and irreversible procedure ( Brown 1994 ) . Shukla and Brooks ( 1996 ) province the constituent of successful ripening. Harmonizing to them successful ageing depends in the capacity of the person to accommodate, version to alterations in the bodily map, to relationships and to alterations in outlook and resources. The paradigm definition of healthy ageing harmonizing to Lin ( 2006 ) , as healthy independency, household, fiscal security, life adaptation, personal growing and friends/relative relationship. Harmonizing to single perceptual experience, ageing is regarded as something unplea sant, utile, and unneeded and above all, unwanted ( Mesec,2000 & A ; ; Zupancic,2004 ) Rountree ( 2010 ) describes the ageing procedure. Rountree ( 2010 ) in his article told that as the age increases, the organic structure bit by bit loses the ability to react to environment abuses. This lead to effects on a cellular and molecular degree, such as dislocation of cell organs, membranes and enzymes in the organic structure. In the scientific term, this biological procedure of ripening is called Senescence. Senescence leads to loss of organ revere ; diminishing the ability to react to emphasize ; loss of flexibleness ; decelerating of cognitive procedures ; degenerative joint disease ; diminishing centripetal sharp-sightedness ; loss of tolerance to trouble or temperature alterations ; impaired alimentary soaking up ; worsening immune responses and other alterations. These Physiologic alterations in bend, consequence in an increased hazard for common disease, such as coronary artery disease, diabetes, dementedness, malignant neoplastic disease, degenerative arthritis ( OA ) , autoimmunity and others. Rountree ( 2010 ) describes the assorted internal and external factors that leads to Aging. In molecular degree, everybody tonss of tissue, mundane tonss of tissue harm takes topographic point. This all consequences in the release of free groups. Further will damage DNA and the delicate membranes in our cells and cell organs particularly chondriosomes. The Elaborate system of enzymes will assist us to neutralize free groups and mend the harm to our cells and tissues. As age increases the system of enzymes become inactive and familial look of these enzymes diminutions. This all consequences in relentless weariness, decreased staying power, stiffness and achings and strivings that occur after reasonably everyday exercising. External factors include things like fume, firing organic stuffs, ultrasound ( UV ) radiation and other signifiers of ionising radiation. Even medical look into up or testing trials such as X raies, bone scans and computed axial imaging ( CAT ) scans generate free g roups that will ensue in harm of tissue, which leads to long term effects ( Rountee,2010 ) . Rountee ( 2010 ) besides states that presences of sugar/glucotoxity is besides one of the factors that causes ageing. Every clip we eat tonss of sugar, the chondriosome leaks alots of free groups that damage tissue. Besides, high degree of fruit sugar are converted in the liver to triglycerides. These triglycerides normally pack the liver with fat and hence interfere with insulin sensitiveness. So, glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity will take to increased redness in the organic structure. When we are immature, the inflammatory procedure heals rapidly. The relentless low- class redness induced by bad diets and unhealthy life style actively contributes to the wear and tear of the system over clip ( rountree,2010 ) . It means toxic chemicals and metals are the root cause of accelerated ripening. Westendorp ( 2006 ) states some of the reasons/ factors that lead to additions in chronic lessening. They are increasing life anticipation along with better sanitation, interventions for infective d isease, and improved entree to medical attention, understanding of wellness hazards and modified hazard factors. Research based lifestyle recommendations to keep physical and cognitive verve include womb-to-tomb acquisition and rational stimulation, regular exercising, ongoing societal activities, emphasis reduction patterns, sound slumber with graphic dreaming ; emotional fluidness and look ; regular sexual activity, optimum nutrition with appropriate Calories intake. Kaw & A ; Colleagues ( ) stated that the mortality hazard for people who are non tobacco users, who exercise on a regular basis, have a moderate intoxicant consumption and who have a plasma Vitamin C & gt ; 50 mmol/L ( bespeaking fruit and vegetable consumption of at least five helpings a twenty-four hours ) was the equivalent of being 14 old ages younger in chronological age, compared with people who engaged in none of these behaviors. So that means by following simple four things like exercising, make non smoke, devour low to chair sum of intoxicant, eating an copiousness of fruits and veggies in their repasts will assist to be tter their opportunities of life thirster and healthier In the scenario, Dorris wellness was all right before the decease of her hubby. She has enjoyed comparatively good wellness over the old ages and have no important episodes of sick wellness. Used to make house keep plants. But after the decease of her hubby she lost involvement, finds hard to get by with mundane life. Dorris wellness was deterioting as she was non eating decently, non keeping hygiene, non making any activity. She has besides become physically frail and was sing mild confusion and freak out. Dorris should be explained the significance of self-care. Traditionally, self-care is defined as activities associated with wellness publicity ( Backman, Hentinen 1999 ; Backman, 2003 ) . She should be encouraged to take part in activities of day-to-day life, such as exercising, nutrition and relaxation, in order to advance or reconstruct their wellness. Stanner and Denny ( 2009 ) has summarised the cardinal findings in relation to some common diseases in ulterior life and provides an overview of dietetic steps that can be put into advancing healthy ripening. Kirkwood ( 2006 ) associated the biological alterations with ageing as a consequence of a long life accretion of molecular harm in the cells and variety meats that constitute the human organic structure, finally interrupting the cells ability to do the energy they need to work. Kirkwood ( 2006 ) besides province that cistrons and perchance foods supply can act upon fix to this harm and diet, lifestyle and environment all have the possible to determine the rate at which harm to cells is accumulated. Harmonizing to National Statistics ( 2004 ) , the morbidity informations from the UK general study indicated that, in 2004, prevalence rates of bosom and go arounding system status were 340 per 1000 population for grownups aged 75 old ages and over compared with 280 per 1000 population. The prevalence rate of long standing musculoskeletal conditions were 296 per 1000 population for grownup aged 75 old ages and over, compared with 274 per 1000 population for grownups aged 65-74 old ages ( Office for National Statistics 2004 ) .National Health Service ( NHS ) ( 2007 ) estimated that about 6 in 100 people over the age of 65 will develop some grade of dementedness and this figure increases to about 20 in 100 among those over the age of 85 old ages. Coronary Vascular Disease ( CVD ) and shot are the major cause of decease in aged work forces and adult females ( Stanner and Denny 2009 ) . That means ripening is clearly an of import hazard factor. The younger age group have the similar hazard factor as the older grownups because of fleshiness, dyslipidaemia, Hypertension, smoke, low degree of physical activities and diabetes ( Stanner 2009 ) .World Health Organisation ( 2003 ) clearly mentioned that the diet for the people who have an increased hazard of developing CVD and other chronic disease. That includes diet that is energy-dense, high in fat and salt and low in complex saccharides, fruits and veggies. Stanner ( 2005 ) advised some important nutrient material that will assist in protection against CVD. They are integrating non-hydrogenated unsaturated fatty acids as prevailing signifier of fat, whole grains as the chief signifier of saccharide, an copiousness of fruits and veggies, equal Z 3 fatty acids and non excessively mu ch salt. Besides with diet physical activity, reasonable imbibing wonts, turning away of smoke and care of healthy organic structure weight may forestall bulk instances of CVD in western population. Cognitive diminution is besides the most common disease that occurs in the ulterior portion of life. It means mental damage and dementedness ( Stanner 2009 ) . It occurs as the consequence of chronic degenerative encephalon disease. It has a great impact on a individual liberty and independency. That ‘s why there is a great demand of forestalling or proroguing cognitive damage ( WHO, 2002 ) . By following many facets of life styles including the increased physical activity rational mental stimulation, turning away of smoke and assorted facets of life have been associated with healthy ripening ( Clarke, 2009 ) . The hazard of cognitive diminution and shot include high consumption of Na ( salt ) , fat, energy and intoxicant. Stanner and Denny ( 2009 ) province that under nutrition and nutritionary lacks in older grownups besides are a beginning of concern in relation to cognitive diminution. The Hazard of Dementia and Alzheimer ‘s disease increases as the addition in the de gree of sulfur incorporating aminic acids additions. To forestall the hazard of Alzheimer ‘s disease the Mediterranean diet, which contains plentifulness of fruits and veggies, leguminous plants, unsaturated fatty acids and fish, can be helpful ( Scarmeas, Stern & A ; Tang, 2006 ) . Osteoporosis and arthritis are besides one of the jobs that ageing people has to endure. Stanner and Denny ( 2009 ) mentioned the consciousness sing the bone wellness and bar in osteoporosis. As current figures estimate that one in three adult females and one in 12 work forces over the age of 55 old ages will endure from osteoporosis. In order to forestall osteoporotic break, equal consumptions of Ca and vitamin D are cardinal to guarantee optimisation of peak mass attainment ( Loveridge & A ; Lanham – New, 2009 ) . Lack of vitamin D position is besides one of the causes of falls ( Finch & A ; Doyle, 1998 ) . A diet that contains equal protein and vitamin K is rich in fruits and veggies and low in salt may besides assist to detain bone ageing. Avoiding fleshiness will assist in order to forestall degenerative arthritis and weight loss will move as an effectual manner of cut downing hurting and disablement in patients with knee degenerative arthritis ( Dieppe, 2009 ) . Oral wellness is besides one of the of import points to be kept in head to advance healthy ageing. In the UK 58 % of grownups aged 75 old ages and over have no natural dentitions and rely on dental plates ( Steele, Sheiham & A ; Marcenes, 1998 ) . The older people holding tends to eat un healthy diet holding low in fruit and veggies, low in of import foods such as vitamin C and potentially higher in fat ( Walls, 2009 ) . There are so many factors that will in tooth loss. One of the most common grounds is nutrition on dentitions that result in development of dental cavities and therefore consequence in tooth loss ( Moynehan & A ; Petersen, 2004 ) . The frequence of sugar consumption ( in the signifier of sugar incorporating medical specialty ) is one of the common grounds of holding dental cavities. That ‘s why dentist normally recommended restricting consumption of sugar incorporating nutrients and drinks to four occasions per twenty-four hours ( Moynehan & A ; Petersen, 2004 ) . Besides some minerals such as Ca, Zn, Mg, Sr and fluoride are involved in remineralisation of dentitions and can assist protect against cavities. Besides Fe, vitamin B12 and foliate may assist in building in the immune system and assist them from unwritten infection and protect unwritten wellness. In the scenario, Dorris have age of 87years.She is populating entirely. Her hubby died some 6 months ago because of MI Core. Earlier when she was populating with her hubby the wellness was good. As shortly her hubby died, she was non at all making anything merely sitting on the chair. She was non at all taking attention of her nutritionary position. She lost 13 kilogram of weight in the past 6 month. Her hubby had a history of MI Core. So she must be advised sing the diet healthy for her bosom, as she is excessively holding a hazard of holding CVD. The diet must incorporate energy-dense, high in fat and salt and low in complex saccharides, fruits and veggies. Besides, she must be encouraged to take part in physical activity, reasonable imbibing wonts, turning away of smoke and care of healthy organic structure weight.

“Hero of Our Time” by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” by Mikhail Lermontov Essay

The two novels â€Å"Hero of Our Time† written by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and â€Å"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich† written by Mikhail Lermontov will be compared for this World Literature Assignment (Comparative Study). The main characters of these two novels will be compared and distinguished. In â€Å"Hero of Our Time† the main character is Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin and the main character in â€Å"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich† is Ivan Denisovich (Shukhov). The novel â€Å"Hero of Our Time† is composed of five short stories and is about the adventures of the main character Pechorin. There are three main narrators in this novel, who are, the travel writer, Pechorin and Maxim Maximych. Lermontov has used three narrators so the readers can see three different perspectives making the reader see different views of the characters in the book. The reader also learns that the five short stories are not in chronological order. This makes it some what confusing for the reader but at the same time gets the reader really interested in the book. The story is about how Pechorin is struggling in the society he is living in and also at the same time struggling with himself. We find out his true feelings and thoughts in his journal where the reader feels sympathy for him. Pechorin to other characters in the book is never honest and sometimes is not in control of his emotions and actions. The aim of the author is to show the readers if Pechorin re ally is the hero of his time or not. This is very ironic since the lack of morality suggests that he is not a traditional hero. The novel â€Å"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich† is a description of one of Shukhov’s days in a labour camp where he has been sentenced for ten years. We learn how prison life is harsh and tough. In the labor camp it is all about surviving, comradeship (between the Prisoners) and corruption. The reader learns that the only free time Prisoners have is during their meals. The prison life has forced some people to change. An example of this is where one of the prisoners, Fetiukov, has become the type of man who would steal potatoes out of another man’s soup. The style of the novel is understated and straightforward. Solzhenitsyn has written this book very descriptively. Everything has been described accurately so the reader can imagine and visualize the surroundings. An example of this is when Shukhov is describing the mess hall: â€Å"The mess-hall seemed as usual, with clouds of vapour curling in through the door and men sitting shoulder to shoulder like seeds in a sunflower†1 This novel is written in the 3rd person form but we see through Shukhov’s eyes. We get to know him as a first person so we get a broad perspective of him and also others, how they look at Shukhov. We show respect to Shukhov since he is surviving the cold harsh conditions. â€Å"The cold stung. A murky fog wrapped itself round Shukhov and made him cough painfully† In the labour camp the authority treats the prisoners like animals where Shukhov treats them as comrades. Shukhov’s one day in the labour camp is representing the lives of millions of people who were sent to labor camps during Stalin’s regime. If we look at Pechorin’s characteristics we learn that he has the characteristics of a Byronic Hero. This can be said by looking at his behaviour, he is sulky, creates the sense of mystery, is isolated from the society and also rebels against social niceties of the time. â€Å"A Hero of Our Time† involves women. Pechorin is scared to get in love or make any kind of commitment with any women since a fortune teller once told his mother that he would die when he gets married. Pechorin thinks about this and tries to avoid it, thus he makes excuses for not making any commitments with women. The reader gets the feeling that he is irrational, although it’s clean-cut that he has an ambivalent character. Pechorin is a person who contradicts himself. He sets out to do something and at the end does the total opposite of it. This shows that he can be misleading. â€Å"I lied, but I wanted to bait him. I was born with a passion for contradiction. My whole life has been nothing but a series of dismal, unsuccessful attempts to go against heart or reason† Pechorin can be described as a womanizer since he likes to play against women’s emotions and use them so they can benefit him and fulfill his personal desires. He gets this satisfaction when he uses women, making him feel like a ‘hero’. The reader also learns that he is a character who can’t even be honest to himself. This is not always the case, for example when he writes in his journal he always tries to be honest. Pechorin is very self-analytical because he analyzes motives so we can see things from his perspective. â€Å"I’ve always hated entertaining, but now every day my house is full of guests, dining, supping, gambling.† Pechorin makes the reader also assumes that his mental break down will be from women. Now if we look at the characteristics of Shukhov, we learn that Shukhov is a prisoner of war in a labor camp. Life is very hard, just one day of his life shows so much about the living standards he is living in. Shukhov is a disciplined person and has not lost his civilized behaviour, like for example he would always take his cap off while eating even when it’s freezing. Similarly Pechorin also has pride but his pride is his self-respect and his arrogance, mostly superficial things. The low living standards have made Shukhov enjoy little things for example building a wall, smuggling a piece of hacksaw blade so he can make a knife out of it. The most important characteristic about him is that he is a very honest man especially to his comrades. He gives them respect and realizes like him he should not be here. The strong bond between his friends makes him want to live on. Comradeship is essential because without comradeship in the labor camp, surviving would be really difficult. Shukhov’s pride and dignity has been taken away from him and he only thinks of surviving this labor camp. In the labor camp his better days are when he gets extra food and has not ended up in the lock-up. He sometimes thinks positive and thinks about the future that there is still some hope. He hopes to meet his family which is waiting for him. If we compare the two characters we see that Shukhov has a much stronger bond with his comrades/friends than Pechorin has with his friends. Shukhov has to have friends in order to survive in the prison because if he doesn’t he would be even more mentally broken down. The bond of friendship makes him live on in that dreadful prison. It can also be said that Shukhov is a person who we can respect and who also shows respect to others. There is also a similarity between the two characters which is that they were/are both soldiers. This means that they have both encountered war and seen the dreadful sides of it. Another important similarity between them is that they are both shaped by society and the time that they live in. Although Shukhov is in prison and Pechorin isn’t the reader feels that Shukhov still has more freedom. This is because Shukhov is a person who won’t hurt anyone and respect everyone. In return he is also trusted and no one has ever hurt him before. The reader feels that Shukhov has inner peace and that he is a kind of freedom. On the other hand Pechorin does not have that inner peace which Shukhov has this is because he is a selfish person thinking only of his desires. Since Shukhov is in prison he has the freedom of his political ideas and these cannot be punished since he is already in prison. This again shows how Shukhov has the freedom to do this but Pechorin doesn’t. It can be concluded that Shukhov has a stronger character than Pechorin. This is because Shukhov is in general a pleasant person who respects everyone. He is a civilized man and always thinks how he could survive the rest of the years so he can go back to his family. Pechorin is quite opposite to Shukhov, he has a weak character. This is because he is not trustworthy even at times not to himself because he contradicts him self a lot. It can be felt that Shukhov is the greater hero of his time since he makes the reader sympathise for him without creating sympathy. But Pechorin wants the readers to sympathise for him by explaining his feelings, emotions and actions all the time. Bibliography Books: 1) Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (2000): One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, Penguin Classics; England 2) Mikhail Lermontov (2001): A Hero of Our Time, Penguin Classics; England 1 â€Å"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich†, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Penguin Classics Edition (2000), England, page 118 2 â€Å"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich†, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Penguin Classics Edition (2000), England, page 23 3 â€Å"A Hero of Our Time†, Mikhail Lermontov, Penguin Classics (2001), England, page 77 4 â€Å"A Hero of Our Time†, Mikhail Lermontov, Penguin Classics (2001), England, page 84

Case Attrition

The exercising of discretion by all system actors, public and private, and from the nature of the criminal process itself is a result of case attrition. Basically, case attrition is when an arrest does not end in a trial conviction, which happens quite often in the court justice system. This is not new experience, nor one limited to the United States; several other Western countries and in the early parts of the twentieth century reported the same high rates of case attrition (encyclopedia. com). The effect case attrition has on the criminal justice system is observed at the different levels of the criminal justice process, because an arrest or no arrest affects everything. Law enforcement officers becomes burnt out, or have negative feelings about the justice system. Full enforcement has never been achieved, nor is likely to be achieved; it may be undesirable citizens and their political leaders must keep these findings in mind when making decisions about criminal justice polices. The high levels of case attrition in modern systems shows that the criminal law has very substantial limitations as an direct crime control such as, deterrence, incapcitation, and rehabilitation. Criminal convictions and penalties impose deserved punishment (retribution) and reinforce important societal denunciation, but if these penal consequences are imposed according to procedure that are widely perceived as fair and just. Attrition can get rid of individuals in the over-worked justice system that were arrested that either had a problem with the legality of the arrest or it was the result of an overworked, or bad officer in a situation where an arrest was not necessary. When these cases are removed from the justice system, it is possible for attorneys and judges to be able to focus on more serious crimes.

2nd Amendment to the Constitution Research Paper

2nd Amendment to the Constitution - Research Paper Example With due regard on the issue, the discussion henceforth intends to briefly discuss about the Second Amendment enacted in the US Constitution taking into account the various controversial arguments related to the enactment.. With this concern, the discussion will also be focused on highlighting certain recent relevant court cases with respect to the issue. The Second Amendment to the Constitution of the US can be considered as one of the major controversial enactments in the history of the nation. The amendment was initially approved on 15th of December 1791which preserves the right of the US people to bear weapons irrespective of their military identification owing to their need for self-protection, defence and security in their residences. Since then, the amendment has been one of the most controversial issues in the civil legislation of the US. Recently, in the year 2008 the amendment was again questioned under the circumstances presented in the District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570 (2008). The civil court therefore had to rule out that the second amendment made in the Bill of Rights violated certain protection acts already enforced within the nation. However, owing to the circumstances of the criminal offence and the purpose of the second amendment, the court approved the decree that the enactment preserves an individualâ⠂¬â„¢s right to acquire a weapon or gun (Pollock 375). Although similar instances had been witnessed throughout the 19th century, no particular amendments were intended with concern to the policy measures enacted in accordance to the Second Amendment. The Supreme Court of the US stated that the Second Amendment does not block the regulation of the State with regard to possess firearms. For instance, as per the United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542, 553 (1875), it was ruled by the Court that the Second Amendment restricts the control and power of the federal government in delivering adequate

Any topic you choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Any topic you choose - Essay Example The internet is therefore effectively closing the gap between the buyer and the seller by eliminating the intermediaries or the middlemen. Almost every type of product or service is now available on the net. Be it the airlines, travel industry, books, groceries, toiletries, tax consultants, news media, health care services etc. they are all available on the net, allowing the user to compare different offers and select the best one without actually going to the market place. The term1 "e-business" was coined by Lou Gerstner, CEO of IBM. Today leading online stores and companies have moved beyond the 'one-size-fits-all' approach to 'customization' and internet relationship. Amazon.com, the online book store seems to have adopted this approach quite well in an endeavor to reach out to the book lovers from all over the world. Amazon.com aspires to be2 'earth's most customer centric company; to build a place where people can come to find and discover anything they might want to buy online. Having started its journey since July 1995, the company has earned a distinct identity for itself in online retailing. Since the reach of internet knows no boundaries, it helped amazon.com in diversifying its range of offerings, which further helped in strengthening its image internationally.

Sex Education in Schools and Home Research Paper

Sex Education in Schools and Home - Research Paper Example On the other hand, teachers too fail to touch on sex related issues when educating teenagers believing it is the responsibility of their parents and guardians to educate these growing youth about sex education. At the end of the day, teenagers remain in darkness, without knowledge about sex, or even the slightest clue to what pertains to sexual education. Their curiosity to try out new things without a guiding hand ends up in even more dreadful results, such as early pregnancies and school dropouts. As such, this research paper seeks to explore various peer-reviewed journals discussing issues related to sex education, as well as, evaluate how various institutions approach this issue about sex among the youth (Brown, Dunn, Newby & Wallace, 2012). What are Parents really saying then they talk with Their Children about Sexuality? American Journal of Sexuality Education This article explores the communication that exists between parents and their children about sex and sexuality. A resea rch carried out on a number of parents within the United States revealed that parents took an authoritarian tone whenever speaking to their children about sexuality. ... Some of the reasons given by these parents on their indecision to discuss sexuality with their children were religious influences and cultural backgrounds, alongside distinct patterns of communication. Some religions forbid open discussion of sexuality, as they consider it as a sacred matter only for the married couples. On the other hand, a qualitative analysis on these parents revealed that these parents sometimes focused on specific issues when discussing sexuality with their children, such as early pregnancies, STDs/STIs, HIV/AIDS virus, and other adversities related to premature sexuality. As such, the lack of sexual orientation, as well as the lack of parental knowledge and support of sexuality, leads these children to exploring murky waters, hence coming out scotched and bruised from their actions (Cox, Gagnon, McDonalds, Meglio, Mitchelle & Rennick, 2011). Asking to Listen: Towards a Youth Perspective on Sexual Health Education and Needs, Sex Education This article explores t he perspectives of the youth in relation to sexual health education and needs within a Canadian province. This article seeks to impart some sense of responsibility among the youth by giving them power to take control of their sexual health behavior. As such, participating youths to this program learnt measures of how to take control of their sexuality, as well as develop a number of preventive skills towards the sexual risks involved in premature sexuality. This control and prevention skills over sexuality were particularly important in areas suffering from socioeconomic disparities. Statistics show that the rate of active sexuality is very high in areas with low socioeconomic standings as compared to the areas that live in affluence. For example, girl growing up in the

Composing successful teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Composing successful teams - Essay Example The important features to look in an applicant are attitude, ability, capacity to work successfully in a team, responsibility, communication skills, devotedness, diligence, enthusiasm, passion, and leadership ability. The combination of these physiognomies ensures that the applicants hired are productive and closely work towards the realization of the objectives of the business (Noe, 255). As a general manager, I believed that these helps in averting scenarios where applicants project the persons they want to be rather than the persons they are. My feelings about these characteristics have remained solid overtime. I would choose resume screening and interviews as the best ways of obtaining information about applicants. I perceive the resume as an important document that if written honestly and professionally, portrays all important information about an applicant. Interviews empower the obtainment of critical information that a CV may not depict. Information about feelings and emotions of an applicant can amply be mined through interviews. Important characteristics that I looked for in employees are the skill to work in a team and communicate effectively (Noe, 257). Teamwork is essential for the triumph of any organization. Additionally, effective communication is vivacious for the success of

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 19

Summary - Essay Example In the process of describing his â€Å"coming of age† experiences, he makes a persuasive case for not depriving our children of comics and stories that have an element of violence embedded in them. The article is certainly worth the effort of reading and it did indeed take me back a few years to my own growing up experiences. While one may agree or disagree with the author’s contentions, he certainly provides background research and additional sources to buttress his claims. The larger point that he is trying to convey is that in this age of hyper competition and a world that is essentially ruthless and violent, exposing kids to the real world should be done sooner rather than later. Instead of the teens realizing that the world is not all â€Å"Milk and Honey† through a painful process of coming to terms with the realities, it is better to let them have an inkling of what is in store for them when they become adults by letting them soak in Marvel comics and stories of superheroes that depict the world in Eastman color by their allusions of good vs. evil parables, their stories of exploits of courage and altruism along with patriotism. In conclusion, Jones’ makes valid points though as in real life, the choice as to whether one agrees with him or not, rests with

Access Control and Policies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Access Control and Policies - Assignment Example One advantage of the Access Control Lists (ACLs) is the protection it offers users of a system. The Mandatory Access Control (MAC), for example, is a policy that is mandatory in every system present. It requires that users are offered access based on mandated guidelines. The Role Based Access Control (RBAC) controls access depending on the role played by system users (Kuhn, 2003). The advantage brought on by such access controls helps determine who is to access data, regulate what they might, or might not do. The ACLs provide an exceptional method of accessing data and resources. Disadvantages brought on by the use of ACLs are immense. One of them includes the difficulty involved in maintaining the ACLs in an environment where there is a large number of users. They are also error-prone and do not offer assurance on the protection of confidential information. This is once there is a need to change, or delete ACLs on individual files. These challenges make it particularly hard for system users to trust ACLs entirely (Bertino & Ghinita, 2011). The organization of information resources would be in such a manner that there is one system to access. The use of the RBAC is crucial in the arrangement of such information. It is an exceptional tool to use since it will recognize internal and external users of that system. People, therefore, can carry out their responsibilities without too much struggle. They would be assigned unique codes that grant them access to the system (Gofman, 2008). Discretionary policies in any system create the possibility of what one can access, and how they can use that information. If there is any threat of damage of data, there are software systems created to raise an alarm. The Biba Integrity Model is a security system that ensures problems associated with damaging of information are dealt with accordingly. The protection of information is

The Legacy of Vietnam Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Legacy of Vietnam - Term Paper Example The withdrawal of forces implied no direct involvement, but the US still planned to safeguard ‘Saigon’ through military and economic aid. Although Nixon’s regime uncompromisingly worked for â€Å"Thieus’s† (South Vietnamese Premier) cause but because of certain issues raised by the US Congress, the aid to the South Vietnam was cut by half. Reduced aid further weakened South Vietnam’s position. This period was also marked by the premature resignation of President Nixon. The advance by the North Vietnamese communist army was swift and the conquest was completed in 1975. One of the prime implications of the conflict was economic. The war had brought a wave of inflation that the US had not witnessed in years with money flowing into Indochina for the ‘Anti Communist’ cause. Although the North Vietnamese were ostensibly victorious in unifying Vietnam, their victory was accompanied by the drainage of its State treasury. The country had b een ecologically damaged and all other institutions apart from the army had been moribund during the war years. The war had ironically turned Vietnam into one of the poorest countries of the world with fourth largest army in the world. The political implications were also major and they transcended the immediate region of Vietnam and also affected the proximal regions. The following chaos in Laos and Cambodia form an integral part of the ‘legacy’ of the war. The new unified Vietnam was facing its own problems with the culturally disparate north and south struggling to maintain a same national identity. In the post war years, America has made deliberate attempts to erase the lost Vietnam War from its consciousness. This made the veterans position rather flimsy as their efforts and sacrifices in the war were being rendered futile and meaningless by the public. This forced exclusion of Vietnam War has in a way alienated the war veterans who have suffered from isolation, dr ug abuse and many psychological disorders. Moreover, the views of the public on the war are very variegated which make the Vietnam War a fairly complex issue to understand. With the loss of the Vietnam War, the writer believes that the American policy makers have become more and more security conscious over the years. Taking the increased involvement of the USSR in the Afghan region as an example, the Americans spent millions of dollars on harnessing fundamentalist guerilla warfare in the region. Similar examples can also be seen in the leftist revolutions in the Central American region. The conclusion perhaps holds the crux of the article. The writer with the entire historical contextualization is trying to assert that the Vietnam War was in fact a paramount event in the history of international politics. It was marked with the exposure of the vulnerability of a Superpower that was far more superior militarily and economically from its opponent but had to suffer a humiliating defea t. The writer believes the contemporary world is not the world that was easily manageable by the imperial powers as in the 1940s. The political intervention of the powerful nations is not as easy as it used to be in the earlier half of the century when the superpowers defined the political map to suit their strategic interests. In the new era, America needs to accept its weaknesses and accommodate situations that might not be as palatable

Sources of Finance Essay Example for Free

Sources of Finance Essay In this assignment, I am going to look at different ways to finance a new start-up business and also for existing businesses who want to expand in the future. After reading this, you will learn the costs of different sources of finance and also their advantages and disadvantages. A source of finance is divided into two sections which are short term and long term. Short term is often referred to money that is borrowed for up to 12 months. Many businesses would use this to fund day to day activities such as utility bills or staff wages etc. Long term is generally over one year and used for things such as buying property or expanding a business. In this assignment it is going to look at how existing businesses and new businesses will use these types of borrowing as a source of finance. Long term finance Owner’s capital refers to the amount of money the owner puts into the business themselves. This is regarded as long term finance as the money will stay with the business as long as it exists. This could be savings, money received in result of a redundancy payment or money left to them in a will. The advantage of this source is that it doesn’t have any interest because it’s the owner’s money so you don’t need to pay anyone back unlike bank loans. In comparison to loans, this is generally more convenient because you don’t need to worry about paying back the bank and the interest rates. This source is more flexible than others because there is no restriction on the money so the owner can spend it on whatever they like. However, the disadvantage of this would be if the business fails then you are likely to lose your investment. It also comes with an opportunity cost. This is defined as what you could have done with the money; for example, you were going to use it to buy a house but you contribute it to starting up a business, this is the opportunity cost. If businesses do not contribute the owner’s capital then it is unlikely they will receive any loans from banks or other investors. This is because if you were an investor and you saw a business that isn’t willing to take the risk and contribute their own money, you wouldn’t invest your own money in them. Depending on how much the owner’s capital is going to be, this can be mixed with bank loans to go towards a business start-up. For example, I am going to open a Chinese take-away and invest  £10,000 into the business but my priority is to buy  utensils and refurbish the building. I could use my investment into refurbishing and since I contribute my own money I could get a loan from the bank to buy my utensils. This source of finance is suitable for new businesses to get them up and running however it can also be used for existing businesses who want to expand. Venture capital is the money that is provided to businesses by investors. These investors are named venture capitalists who could either be a group of wealthy individuals or a company who make their money by investing on businesses. They are often seeking for new or growing businesses who they believe have potential and hope to develop them. There are some advantages for this source; it is a good option to new businesses especially for the ones who don’t have much operating history so it’s harder for them to secure a bank loan. The money the venture capitalists contribute is usually more than what banks are willing to lend. Businesses are also interested in but the contacts these wealthy people have which could help their business expand in many different ways. For example, in Dragons Den, Peter Jones offers  £50 000 to a business for 50% of the company which is 25% more than what the business was prepared to give away however with Peter being a wealthy and respectable entrepreneur they gave him what he wanted. They believe Peter has the contacts which could help their business expand rapidly. If a business could secure a venture capital, it is more beneficial than a bank loan because there are no interest rates however the disadvantage is you risk losing some independency to the investors. They calculate how much money they are willing to invest and the percentage by considering the risk and reward. Usually, a new business is considered high risk because they have limited operating history but if they are believed to have potential then the investors will ask for a high percentage of the business for it to achieve a high profitable reward. It is likely the venture capitalists will make decisions for the company. If businesses are willing to sacrifice part of their business then this source is recommended because it could broaden the company. Bank loans are regarded as long term finance because the money can be borrowed up to 25 years or longer in some circumstances. All loans have an  interest rate attached to them. The interest rate is often calculated by how much the business borrows. The more you borrow the more interest you are going to pay. For example, if I borrow  £9000 from Barclays bank, I will be charged 4.3% APR whereas if I borrow  £30000 I will be charged at 6.9% APR. It could affect your loan if the interest rates go up so more businesses take out a loan on a fixed rate of interest where they won’t be charge any extra costs if the interest rates increase. If a variable rate loan is taking out, the interest rates can change which makes it harder to manage finance. Bank loans could be used by new and existing businesses; a new business can use it to buy equipment and an existing business could use it to expand the company for example, buying new premises. An existing business will tend to be able to borrow more than a new business. This is because they have been operating for longer and banks generally find them more reputable. If these companies wish to borrow an excessive sum of money then extra security is needed to ensure the money is paid back. Often banks will ask the business to use their property as a security for the loan. It means if the business fails then the bank could recover the money from selling their property. This is usually referred as a second mortgage. Most businesses use this source to their advantage because it is convenient and the money could be borrowed for a lengthy period. For some businesses, it could be looked at as a better option than securing a venture capital because you aren’t losing a share of the business for money but you also have decision on where the money could be spend; you have more independency with the money. The disadvantage is the interest rate could be quite high whereas if an owner’s capital was available, a repayment is not necessary. Also, if your business fails and you have taken out a second mortgage you could lose your property. Generally, bank loans work out quite expensive in the long run however it is a good way to raise finance for your business. A mortgage is a loan used for purchasing a property and could be paid back in the space of 25 years or sometimes more. The property then becomes the borrower’s collateral which needs to be paid off as they agreed with the lenders. If there is a failure of payment then the lenders can repossess the property and sell it at an auction to recover the money. This source is common for both new and existing businesses that need a mortgage for their  work premises. The advantage of mortgages is the fact they are usually more manageable and affordable than renting because the repayments are spread out over a lengthy period. This also depends on the type of the property and other factors such as location and price. Here is an example, in 2008, house prices dropped in Northern Ireland; therefore buying a house was cheaper. In addition, getting a mortgage was easier and cheaper than renting. Also, once you have paid off your mortgage, you own the property and it could be worth far more than what you paid for it. Often, interest rates on mortgages are lower than a loan because the property is used as collateral. Mortgages fall into two main categories; fixed rate and various rates. Fixed rate is where the interest stays the same over a number of years and various rate means the interest can change. This source also comes with many disadvantages; it is not as flexible as renting because if you want to move out of the property, it is not as easy as cancelling a contract with your landlord, you will have to sell the property which can be difficult. Maintenance is one of the problems for instance, if the roof leaks you will have to fix it yourself whereas a rented property it can be repaired for you. The main disadvantage is that you have to keep up with your repayments or you can end up losing your property. For example, during the credit crunch there was many people made redundant and therefore they struggled to make repayments so their house was repossessed. Although the interest rate is lower on mortgages, it does carry high risk as you are repaying over a long period of time. For a new business it would be advisable to start off with a bank loan to establish a steady flow of finance into a business before considering a mortgage. Retained profits are defined as capital which is kept in the business. The owner(s) can decide what they want to do with the companies’ profits. This could be for personal use, paid out to shareholders as a dividend or withdrawn as wages for sole trader’s also known as owner’s drawings. If the owner decides not to touch this money it is referred to as ploughing back the profits or organic growth. This is regarded as important long term finance but only relates to existing businesses. There are many advantages of retained profits; the money which is left in the business rather than paid out as a dividend is the opportunity cost for shareholders. The money  is reinvested and helps the company expand and could be used for buying new equipment or machinery. It is an advantageous source of finance because it doesn’t have any interest rates attached. It also has a lot of flexibility because the company has control of what is left in the business and what is paid out to dividends. This source of finance has some disadvantages. It could lead to the company getting criticized for restricting the value of dividends and holding on too much money for the business. If retained profits don’t result in higher profit then it could cause arguments amongst shareholders and you risk losing them. The shareholders may think the money would be better in their own hands rather than the business. In order to use this source accordingly, you must maintain good relationships with the shareholders and show that the business has potential to succeed. This is highly recommended for existing businesses because as long as the company exist while making profits, money will be reinvested each day and it could help with the growth of the business. Selling assets is a common source of long term finance for an existing business. An asset is categorized as any item owned by a business or individual which could range from land to machinery. Business may sell some assets because they have no further need for them. By selling assets the company can raise money to fund other projects. For example; selling a JCB digger because there is limited work on in the construction site and it is taking up too much valuable space. These assets can turn into cash which could help the business with advertising or paying off debts. Often businesses sell a successful division of their business to another firm because they believe there is a declining market for their product or service. While it is still going good they will sell this in order to use the money to expand in a new and growing market. The advantage of selling an asset is you get your money back straight away. Generally, this is a cheaper source of financing your business unlike bank loans where you have to worry about the high interest rates. For many, selling an asset is a good way to reduce or eliminate debt. Although, this seems like a convenient method, the cost of selling assets must be considered. In some cases, you won’t receive full market value for the goods but this depends on how quick you want to sell them. The assets could grow in value faster than what you can yield  with the cash and also it could come with tax consequences. This means if you buy an asset and later sell it on for profit, you could be landed with what is called ‘Capital Gains Tax’. You could end up with less money than you expected. This financing source mostly applies to existing businesses because they would have built more assets than new businesses starting up and would most likely have more debt on their hands. For new businesses, getting a bank loan or owner’s capital would be more suitable. Overall; this is a recommended source of finance for existing businesses as it carries little risk in the procedure. This benefits a lot of businesses because they are usually selling something they no longer require, in order to use the money on something which can help their company grow or eliminate debt. For example, you are investing on a delivering service for your company and plan to get a loan for a van. Your warehouse has several forklifts so you would plan to sell one in order to buy a van. To conclude, you aren’t losing money because you are using the money from the asset to start a new service; to expand your business. Share capital is the capital of a company divided into equal amounts known as shares. There are two companies’ which share capital relate to which are private limited companies, (LTD’s) or public limited companies (PLC’s). In a private limited company, these shares are often sold to family firms but could be sold to family and friends. However, if they want to issue shares, they must go through an agreement with all the shareholders. On the other hand, a public limited company can sell shares on a stock exchange to members of the public. This means anyone could buy shares which results in them having a wider source of capital. A new business is usually classed as a private limited company and may have as little as two shareholders. However, if they expand over time and cannot issue any more shares they might consider about becoming a public limited company. This process is known as ‘floating the business’ which has to go through a number of administr ative and legal procedures. A public limited company can raise more because they can sell their shares on the stock exchange. If they want to expand their business but need  £100 million then they can sell  £100 million shares at the stock exchange for  £1 each. This needs to come with a prospectus which is very important because it gives the investors a better  understanding of the company before they commit to buying shares. You will tend to find information such as; how the business is managed, what does the business specialist in, etc. Businesses often use the services of a merchant bank such as Morgan Stanley or Merrill Lynch who specialize in share floatation. This means if all shares are not sold, they will buy them so the business can still raise the money they need. This is a type of insurance policy and you can imagine the cost it has attached to it. Share capital is attractive and very helpful in raising long term finance for both new and existing businesses. The main advantages are; you will have commitment from your shareholders because like the owner they also want to see the business succeed. In terms where a plc becomes successful then they will most likely sell more shares to the public. However, if there comes a time when they want to raise more money, they can issue cheaper shares to existing shareholders through a rights issue’. If the company is doing well, and needs money for expansion, this is a quick and cheap way of raising finance. In comparison to loans, this source is cheaper; all you have to do is pay the shareholders their dividends each year instead of repaying high interest on bank loans. This financing source is similar to venture capital; if you have the right business angels and venture capitalist, they can bring useful contacts, valuable skills and experience to your company. This could help with business strategy planning, new products ideas or expansion plans. Although, there are some disadvantages too. Depending on the investor, you may lose some independency of the decision making in your business. For a potential investor to want a share of your business they will want to see reports and forecasts of the company; you may have to provide information for the investor(s) to monitor. This can be time consuming and may take management focus away from core business activities. Overall, share capital is a secure way to raise finance for your company. The money which is invested will stay within the company as long as the company exists and if it is a growing company then it could get a good reputation selling shares through the stock exchange. Short term finance A Bank overdraft is when someone makes an agreement with the bank to spend  more than what they have in their account but the money will need to be paid back. This type of borrowing is common for both new and existing businesses that experience cash flow problems. The money a business receives from sales and the amount they spend is called cash flow. There are two types of overdrafts; authorized and unauthorized. An authorized overdraft is where you are allowed to borrow up to a limit agreed with the bank. An unauthorized overdraft is where you are exceeding your authorized overdraft limit or going below zero in your account without agreeing on an overdraft facility; this should be avoided at all costs. This source of finance does carry an interest rate but only for the amount overdrawn and the length of time overdrawn. For example, if an overdraft facility allows you to borrow up to  £5000; you need  £3000 on the 1st July to pay rent until you get a payment of  £4000 from a customer on the 4th July, you will only be charged interest rates on the  £3000 for 4 days you borrowed. Some banks will charge a fee for customers to use this facility. A bank overdraft is suitable for companies that need the money for a short period of time whether it’s for paying staff wages or utility bills. Although, they must ensure they have money coming in to cover the cost of the overdraft as it can carry high interest rates; usually higher than bank loans. It can help avoid cheques bouncing and returned direct debit. This is where there are insufficient funds in the account to make a payment. If this happens, the business will have to pay bank charges and it can also damage relationships with suppliers as they will see the business as untrustworthy and they may not want to supply them with any more stock. The main advantage of a bank overdraft is the fact that is there when you need it and doesn’t cost anything (except for a small fee). You only need to borrow what you need. It can also help maintain the cash flow within the company and allows the business to make essential payments while chasing their own payments. There are many disadvantages too, as mentioned before overdrafts can carry higher interest rates than bank loans which make them expensive for long term financing. In some cases, you may have to secure your business assets to get an overdraft and failing to make repayments can risk you losing your assets. The main disadvantage and probably most important one is, if you find yourself going over the overdraft limit it would be classed as an unauthorized overdraft where you will be charged high interest rates and bank charges. If the  business keeps using over their limit, it could damage their reputation with banks although they can get the limit raised but this is not advisable. If this is done repeatedly the banks will assume the business has financial issues and they can refuse further use of the overdraft service. This source of finance is useful if lending short term but a business should never rely on it. Trade credit is the time given to a business from the supplier to pay for their stock. It is used in business to business (B2B) transactions. Trade credit is usually 30 days although this can be different depending on the organization. If you agreed 30 days credit with your supplier, you can sell the stock and have the money in your bank account before you pay the supplier. This means you are getting an interest free loan for 30 days. Usually small suppliers prefer to sell their products only to one big company instead of many small companies; this makes payments more manageable. An example is Cravendale farm only sells their milk to Asda so they will get one invoice from them at the end of the credit period. This is better than having multiple invoices from different supermarkets which can make cash flow more difficult. However, big companies like Asda often use this to their advantage and pay the supplier back late. They usually get away with this because Cravendale farm know Asda are their only customers so they cannot afford to lose them. Trade credit is a very important source of finance and has many advantages. It does not carry any interest rates therefore it is better than using bank overdraft. It can save you from spending money in your account to buy stock and with that money you can use it elsewhere in the business. For new businesses it may be hard to get trade credit because they have limited operating history but if they shop around they might find a supplier that will offer them a small credit limit to begin with. If they can make payments on time and prove to the suppliers they are reliable then it is possible the credit limit will increase. However the downfall of this source is, if you do not pay the supplier back on time you will get a bad reputation in the industry. If you constantly make late payments then the suppliers can withdraw this facility and ask for cash payments. It will also be hard for you to get new suppliers because they may be aware of your reputation of late payments; this should be  avoided at all costs. Trade credit is a good source of finance being interest free and it can help you build good credit history. This will be useful for getting bank loans or using the overdraft facility. Business credit cards are useful for short term borrowing. It is similar to using trade credit. If you pay for goods with a credit card, you will receive a statement once a month with the amounts spent in the last month. You will be given a time to pay for what you spent. If the amount is paid off in full you won’t have to pay any interest charges. Although, you do have the alternative of paying a minimum amount in which case you will have to pay interest on the remaining amount owed. This source of finance is recommended for new businesses as it gives them time to receive money from sales before they have to pay their expenses. It is also a good option for existing businesses but new businesses will tend to use it more to their advantage because it helps to maintain their cash flow and makes it easier for them to get started. An example of this source is if I have just opened a Chinese take away then I can use my business credit card to buy stock. Once I have sold all my stock and I can pay the amount in full then I will get an interest free loan. Business credit cards have some advantages. It helps track purchases because you will get a statement each month which shows what the business has spent money on. You can get interest free credit if you pay the balance by the due date. With a business credit card being so convenient it does have its disadvantages. The card can be fixed with high interest rates and if you make late payments or failure to make a payments it can resolve in the interest rate to rise. This can have a significant impact on the companies’ credit history and rating. This source is very useful although you should avoid making late payments because if you constantly have debt on the credit card, it can cost the business more money by paying interest rates. You will have to clear all debt before you can take advantage of the interest free credit again. You should always make payments on time to take advantage of this source. Failure to make payments can cause the business to get bad credit which means it will be harder to use other borrowing facilities in the future such as bank loans and it can harm the businesses’ reputation. A business should take full advantage of trade credit and credit cards for short term financing. They are both very similar and suitable for new and existing businesses. However, I recommend using trade credit over credit cards because repayments are more flexible to a supplier than to a bank. I mean if you pay your credit card bills late you will be charged with interest but some suppliers are flexible with their payment and they can possibly excuse a late payment. Although, you should always try to make payments on time to avoid damaging company reputation and having bad credit history. Retained profits are considered to be a cheaper source of finance than bank loans and mortgages. It is the best option available to help an existing company expand because it doesn’t carry any interest rates which means more capital for the business. If the business fails after taking out a bank loan and they can’t repay the loan, they can destroy their credit rating, making it difficult or impossible to get loans in the future. If retained profits are used and the business fails then it is just the companies’ investment that will be lost. For a new business, venture capital is considered to be the best source of long term finance. It is not only the investor’s money that is important but their skills and experience is crucial and could be the difference between a successful business and an unsuccessful one. If you are planning to start up your own business you need an owner’s capital in order to secure a bank loan. Once the business starts operating it will be able to secure higher loans and take advantage of the retained profits. The retained profits can help the company expand without carrying any interest rates meaning more capital for the business. Trade credit comes in when the business is set up and you want to start selling products. You should shop around and find a good supplier that will offer you this source and if it’s used appropriately you will find it very convenient. These sources should help you succeed in your business. Investopedia. (2014) Opportunity Cost. Available at: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/opportunitycost.asp Barclays. (2014) Your Loan Options. Available at: http://www.barclays.co.uk/Loans/P1242557963420 Money Supermarket. (2014) Advantages and disadvantages of mortgages. Available at: http://www.moneysupermarket.com/mortgages/advantages-and-disadvantages/ Gov.uk. (2014) Business finance explained. Loans. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/business-finance-explained/loans Tutor2u. (2012) Source of Finance – Retained Profits. Available at: http://tutor2u.net/business/finance/retained_profit.html eHow. (2014) Advantages and disadvantages of sale of assets. Available at: http://www.ehow.co.uk/info_8615419_advantages-disadvantages-sale-assets.html Tutor2u. (2012) What is share capital? Available at: http://www.tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/business-studies/comments/qa-what-is-share-capital NI Business Info. (2014) Advantages and disadvantages of equity finance. Available at: https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/advantages-and-disadvantages-equity-finance Wikipedia. (2014) Trade Credit. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_credit Biz Help 24. (2014) Overdraft finance Advantages and disadvantages . Available at: http://www.bizhelp24.com/money/business-finance/overdraft-finance-advantages-and-disadvantages.html Gov.uk (2014) Business finance explained. Overdrafts. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/business-finance-explained/overdrafts Money Supermarket. (2014) Advantages and disadvantages of credit cards. Available at: http://www.moneysupermarket.com/credit-cards/advantages-and-disadvantages/ Go Compare. (2014) Beginners guide to credit cards. Available at: http://www.gocompare.com/credit-cards/credit-cards-explained/

Hearing Impairment and Specific Communication Needs Essay Example for Free

Hearing Impairment and Specific Communication Needs Essay In the table below list features in the environment that may help or hinder communication. Then describe in detail how these features may help or hinder communication. Features in the environment How may this help or hinder communication? Lighting People with a hearing or sight impairment need good lighting as they may need to be able to see your face features to see what you are saying to them. (Reading lips). Distractions People would not be able to hear you if you are in a busy and noisy area. For example; if you have a few friends and everyone is talking at once the person who can’t hear well won’t be able to hear the conversation. Positioning You need to be facing each other so you can read the other persons facial expression and body language. To help understand what they are saying to you. Barriers Barriers block are view of the other person and it can impair on us understanding and hearing the person. You can also feel uneasy. For example; when you go to the bank and you have a separated glass in between you. Space You don’t want someone to be too close to you as you would feel uncomfortable and uneasy. We need to feel comfortable with the other person to communicate well. 1. 4 In the table below list and describe the reasons why an individual may have specific communication needs. Then identify a Learning difficulties like down syndrome will have an effect on people’s communication because it can impair the hearing and speech. They can find it hard to form certain words which are hard for others to understand. They also make their own way to communicate to others. Depending on how much their disability takes over them. Physical disability such as Cerebral palsy which is damage to the brain can compare someone’s hearing and speech it all depends on what areas of the brain have been damaged. Also other physical disabilities affect the body such as loss of head control or facial muscle which is making it hard to communicate to others or for them to understand. A mental health condition like dementia is hard to communicate with because they may start to hallucinate and see things that we cannot. We have to remind them of certain things as their short term or long term memory has been affected. They may start to not understand what we are saying because they have forgotten what certain words mean. Hearing loss affects people’s communication because some people can be completely deaf also some people can be slightly hard of hearing. Either way to communicate with others is hard they need to see and face the person they are talking to so they can read lips or watch your body language. People who have lost their hearing in later life will find it harder to adjust as they have always relied on their hearing to communicate. Others that could have been born with deafness they would feel that they haven’t lost something but would have learned new ways of communication such as sign language. Sight difficulties have a huge impact on people’s lives because you are missing out on a lot of communication such as people’s body language to get the full effect of communication. When we lose are sight at a later stage in life it is hard to accept and can sometimes stop people wanting to learn new communication skills. Deaf and blindness is a major concern as they have lost most ways of communicating. They can feel and touch but they haven’t any more senses then that. Social development is important as it is everyday life from when we are growing from child to adult. We need to socially interact with people as this is how we develop are communication skills. 1. 6 Describe the potential effects on an individual of having unmet communication needs The effect of unmet communication is that an individual can become withdrawn and have a low self-esteem or even depressed. Their behaviour can change and become angry and violent or even frustrated because they cannot communicate like everyone else. Also, if that individual does not have any support they may believe that they do not need to communicate on their views or debate on a conversation. They start to believe that there is no point in it anymore. Some individuals that have been born with communication difficulties as above and have grown will the impairment does not mean that they understand it or be able to cope with it. By not support these people we are denying them their rights and by doing this we are abusing them. 2. 3. How and when would you access information and support about identifying and addressing specific communication needs? We access information and support when we give others support in their lives as everyone is different and we need to know different techniques. Such as having photographs or pen and paper to communicate with people. When we look into peoples records we must follow correct policy and procedure. Keep confidentiality. If the information we need is not there then we look on the internet, books, journals and reports. When we support people we may need to work with other professionals. Such as; occupational therapists, psychiatrists and speech and language therapists etc.

Developing and improving environmental problems

Developing and improving environmental problems Environmental problems are always on the agenda when it comes to developing new and improved ways to â€Å"fix† the concerns the general public holds towards the current environment. New technology and new sources of clean energy, fuel, and water are the challenges being embraced by new, young, and exciting companies. The thinking of these companies is that new technology is the focus that is needed to bring about environmental change. The portfolios of these fledgling companies are growing, and the dreams of these energetic companies will soon become reality as the plans come from the drawing boards to commercialisation. Young entrepreneurs are being made millionaires virtually overnight and Australia is seeing a rise in its superannuation funds giving the impression that Australia is definitely not in a cash shortage. This growth, as well as sustained resources, has built the Australian superannuation economy to nearly $1.2 trillion with just 2 percent of these funds represented by venture capitalists. With the prospect of new technology comes the expansion of the Australian venture capital which is currently worth around $65 million a year. Government policies, along with consumer demand and environmental pressures, have brought about the growth in these technological companies which has now attracted 13 percent more venture capitalists. This gives us the impression that the clean technology boom is matching that of the 1990s Dotcom boom. With clean technology being compared to the Dotcom boom, key differences are highlighted by the promise of spectacular returns on high-risk investments. The Dotcom boom was in fact a very promising enterprise (on paper) with many of its success stories still showing profit. However, there are those that did lose out when the saturation of the market forced company profits down. Unlike the Dotcom boom, clean technology is seen as an ever constant need for the solution to environmental problems. With the current government regulations on offer there is no shortage of assistance giving the clean technology companies the range in which to work and the support needed to get the ideas from the drawing board to the consumer market. The key here is to have somewhat of a balance between environmental responsibility and producing creative solutions. This gives way for any rival ideas to be brought forward with each environmental problem. The silicon that is used to generate decentralised electricity is currently expensive and while silicon companies are conducting ways to cut this cost, other companies such as electricity companies are looking for ways to reduce consumers electricity expenses by using cheaper materials that in fact perform the same function. Government and venture capitalists funds as well as the initial public offering of more than $1 billion has helped lead the way for this clean technology venture and to date there is currently only five specialists in this field to ensure its steady growth. Australians are definitely unique in their way of thinking. What might seem like mere common sense ideas are in fact solutions to problems. Distribution networks and climatic conditions give way to an endless supply of ideas that make way for the clean technology sector. Australia has launched its first wholesale carbon fund with the idea of raising $250 million from wholesale investors. Fifty percent of The ArkX fund is to be invested into global renewable energy with 25 percent in Clean Development Mechanism, 20 percent in trading European Union carbon credits, and the last 5 percent being invested in high-risk projects in Australia. Around 70 dedicated carbon funds currently operate globally with some of these funds returning a 24.7 percent profit to date. With the environment in turmoil, the need for clean technology increases and while there are always going to be some companies that will benefit from technological advances there will unfortunately be those that dwindle. The biggest irony in the environment dilemma is the fact that technology was the instigator of the current problems and now seems to be the only thing that can relieve the situation. Bearing this in mind, the real winners in this matter will undoubtedly be the environment and indeed the general public.

Codependency in Samuel Becketts Endgame Essay example -- Beckett Endg

Codependency in Samuel Beckett's Endgame "Clov asks, "What is there to keep us here?" Hamm answers, "The dialogue."" In the play Endgame, Samuel Beckett demonstrates dramatically the idea of codependency between the two focal characters who rely on each other to fulfill their own physical and psychological needs. Beckett accomplishes this through Hamm, who assumes the identity of a kingly figure, and his relationship with Clov, who acts as his subject. In Endgame, this idea is established by tone and humor in the dialogue amid Hamm and Clov. Samuel Beckett was an Irish-born poet, novelist, and foremost dramatist of the theater of the absurd. His surreal writings mixed humor into a world paralyzed and grief stricken with pain and anguish. Beckett's characters grasp for a meaningful existence amongst an unrelenting and disorderly world, finally finding release only within the confines of their own minds. The play Endgame is the story of a few survivors after some unknown apocalypse on Earth. Hamm, a blind man who lives in a small bare room with two windows, shutoff from the rest of the dead outside world, is accompanied by two legless parents, Nagg and Nell, who live in two dustbins. The remaining character is Clov, who acts as an enslaved son of Ham[HAC1]m, who answers to his beckon call and grants his requests. At the end of the play his parents have apparently died, and he has given up the struggle or reason to live on. It is now that Clov is on the verge of escape to leave his life of submission to Hamm, but to where? For there is nothing but a vast void of emptiness. Samuel Beckett was born on April 13, 1906, in Foxrock, near Dublin. As a child he was raised in a religiously oriented, Protestant, mid... ...down the lids of Hamm's parent's dustbins as well, Hamm being prone to exercising his direct power over him: "Bottle him!" he cries out (10). Finally, the relationship between Hamm and Clov can be aggregated in the theme of this codependent nature that each fulfills for one another. This is relevant to today's society in that it examines the basic underlying structural dependence of a monarchical or dictatorship type form of government, of the needs and duties of a King or leader with his subjects. In this way, the King would provide protection and leadership for his subjects, while they would owe homage in the form of taxes and loyalty in allegiance to him. Similarly in the play, Hamm provides the protection from the starvation and desolation of the outside world beyond his store, and Clov repays this buy waiting on Hamm's requests, however reluctantly.

Dough Writing :: Writing Technology Inventing Essays

Dough Writing Writing, to many, is not seen as a technology. This everyday, innate, task is easily over looked especially in today’s modern world of high tech computers, cameras, phones, and palm pilots. It’s hard to imagine at one time people actually invented this thing called the alphabet, somehow made each letter represent a certain sound, then by combining this with other letters and sounds made words. But someone did and we, as a society, forget that and take writing for granted. We do not think about writing or its intricacies when we are in the act of writing. This is partially due to the availability of writing utensils and other materials needed to perform the task. What happens though when those things are taken away from us? Set about with this task, to write something without using any form of writing technology including pencils, pens, paintbrushes, and paper, I have found a new respect for writing, and the tools used to write with. I saw this as the intended outcome, but what surprised me was the amount of thought and planning the writing took. Not thinking of what to write, but instead how to write it, not with which materials, but how to actually shape the letters to make them legible. Once given this assignment I began thinking about nature and came up with my first course of action: a piece of bark with carbon writing on it from a burnt stick. This sounded great, how easy, then I realized I live in an apartment with no trees around. I thought about going to my friends and taking materials from their trees but when I tried the snow and rain from the past week had made everything very wet and hard to work with. The bark was too moldy or malleable and the sticks were too damp to light on fire. I had to find another way. My next idea was to make paper and write with charcoal or carbon on that. I had done this before in elementary school and remembered it to be quite easy. We had made a lot of paper for nature journals so I felt it appropriate for this assignment. I had everything ready to go, the blender, berries to make the paper pretty, water, flour, and a stick.

Gangs in America Essay -- Social Issues

Gangs are very dangerous to everyone in society. â€Å"Gangs are groups of people (mostly young males) who band together for protection and a sense of belonging. The U.S. Department of Justice officially defines a youth gang as a group of young people involved in criminal activity† (Gangs 1). There are about one million gang members in more than 20,00 criminally active gangs in the United States. Also, that group of about one million people, are accountable for up to eighty percent of our nation’s crimes. Since 2005, gangs have nationally added about 200,000 members (Targeting Gangs 1). This is why more action from the community needs to be taken to help with the growing gang-related crimes here in America. To start off, origins of gangs are unclear, but some researchers say that gangs came to America in the early 1800s. These first gangs were in New York and Philadelphia and members of these adult gangs were from the Irish, German, and Italian ethnic groups. Youth gangs did not start to form until after World War II (Opposing Viewpoints Gangs 109-110). Additionally, what kind of people are in gangs? Well first off, there are Latinos, which make up forty-nine percent of gang members'; African Americans, thirty-four percent; White, ten percent; Asian, six percent; and the other one percent is just the other category (â€Å"Facts About Gangs† 109). Also in 1996, according to the National Youth Gang Survey, the members of gangs were fifty percent under eighteen years old and fifty percent were eighteen or older. In that survey during 2006, the number of juveniles dropped to only being thirty-six and a half percent of member, on the other hand, the percentage of adult gang members consisted of sixty-three and a half percent of the gang pop... ...members have, we need to make it possible for them to get these personal benefits without feeling that it is necessary to join a gang. Of course, it's not possible for us to make them be able to get fast money like some of them want (or need) but other things like a sense of belonging or companionship are possible. Knowing about these benefits will make it easier for everyone to be able help out in the stop of gangs. As one can see, it may never be possible that gangs and gang violence will be stopped, but with our help from the community in every city and town it is possible to stop and decrease the large number of gang members and gang-related crimes. Remembering that there are many possibilities for decreasing the population size of gangs in America; such as better alternatives to being in a gang, educational programs, and arrest some hard-core gang members.

Sociology and Coffee

Writing Assignment #1 Coffee is a beverage that is globally consumed, but also a product that has different values in different parts of the world. The role coffee plays in society differs around the world, from the farmers who grew the crops to the people who constantly consume them. Social theoretical perspectives are capable of showing the different roles coffee has in different societies. Symbolic interactionism, functionalism, and Marxism are three theories which show coffee’s role sociologically.These theories show how coffee affects people physically, how it affects them emotionally, how it leads them to have interactions, how it connects different parts of society, and how it’s economically controlled by a select few. Symbolic interactionism is a social theoretical approach established by George Mead, which emphasizes the importance of symbols and language in understanding the social world. This theoretical theory first allows us to derive the symbolic meanings coffee has on society. Coffee is often viewed as a beverage for energy.It’s often drunk in the morning for means of getting drive after one has woken from sleep, or during the day when one is having a tiresome day, or sometimes after the consumption of alcohol to sober up. All these symbols can be used to identify the nature of coffee consumption within society. These symbols can lead to the social interaction, which George Mead said, involved the exchange of symbols. People can understand a person’s state of mind and mood when they see them drinking coffee, because coffee is capable of symbolizing certain moods.When people see one another drinking coffee before conversing, in Mead’s theory, it’s the exchange of symbols, in this case how one is feeling at that moment. After understanding one another, the people then can start talking in the manner in which they want to. Functionalism is another social theoretical approach which emphasizes the study of soc ial activity as society functions as a whole. In the case of coffee, this involves the chain of events that take place, starting with the coffee as a form of a crop all the way to it reaching the consumer.This gives us a clear understanding of society’s role in the production and consumption of the beverage, and the important role each one plays. Coffee is consumed around the world, but the wealthy nations consume far more than anyone else, even than the countries which produce the coffee. Functionalism advocates moral consensus, which is the maintenance of equality within society. In the case of coffee though, the wealthy countries have completely forgotten about equality and often economically oppress the countries which produce the coffee.People within these wealthy countries simply demand their coffees and have forgotten about the lengthy process coffee takes to get to them. In the functionalism of coffee, everyone plays an important part and it’s possible the disa ppearance of one group can lead to the collapse of the whole chain. Yet coffee has led to divisions being created as well as conflicts arising, all due to the wealthy and powerful creating policies that only benefit them and their associates. Functionalists stress to people to understand everyone’s importance within society, and to oppose those who seek to create social ranks.Marxism is also another social theoretical approach which emphasizes political reform but basically leads to more conflict. Marxists are often open to these changes in policy for their own advantages, in order to get more for their respective groups. Coffee is a valuable product on the world market and is often an issue of conflict over who receives more. The wealthy countries, through their power and shared ideologies, are able to dominate this area of the market and retrieve more coffee for themselves.When these groups with extensive powers come together with similar values, they legitimize their hold on the product of coffee. Similar to how the colonial powers dictated the route of coffee, these powerful groups with similar ideologies, will be able to control the market and decide if and how much coffee other countries will receive. This will cause rank division and ultimately lead to class conflict among nations. The powerful groups actually prefer these conflicts though, because it enables them to show their strength and have a stronger say in the coffee market.The sociological nature of coffee consumption can be defined through three theoretical methods. The first is symbolic interactionism and involves the observation of coffee as a symbol within society. Coffee can be regarded as an energy beverage, since it allows consumers to go on when tired. The second is functionalism and involves the chain of events which lead coffee from the farms around the world to the consumer. Coffee goes through a lot of steps to reach consumers around the world, but most are not aware of the lo ng journey it experiences.The third is Marxism and involves the groups, mostly the wealthy, who are in favor of changing policies to receive more coffee and dictate the market due to their wealth and similar ideals. The countries which produce the coffee as well as other poor countries which demand coffee are often oppressed financially by the wealthy that control all the influence in who receives the coffee. Coffee is no longer seen as a beverage but as a pile of money to the people who control its value on the market.

Media Content Analysis of Espn Essay

ESPN demonstrates how a monopoly whole works in the contemporary media adorn, a landscape in which the cost of information is fall and the necessity of diversified revenue streams is increasing. By distributing discipline crosswise multiple platforms, similar their website, their television programs, their magazine and their mobile applications, ESPN maintains a steady position as the attraction in sports news.No competitor has managed to fringe ESPN off its horse, primarily because ESPN can bid practically any otherwise vane or media group for subject matter. The media groups of individual sports leagues selfsame(prenominal) Major League Baseball fuck off an interesting threat to ESPN. These groups develop their stimulate earningss designed to produce field for iodin sport only, exchangeable baseball. Theyre subject of offering products that ESPN cant collect to the amount and variation of national that ESPN covers. fortuitously for ESPN, the idea of partnering and revenue sharing is challenge to these meshs due to ESPNs wide audition base. What makes ESPN special is their ability to deliver a set of experiences that other networks can non compete with. When mental object becomes homogenous between networks, its the availability and delivery of the content that makes a difference, and rightfield now, no unmatched delivers sports news deal ESPN. In todays media landscape, its extremely difficult to dominate a market. Its difficult to even d well up solvent for many news organizations.Bankruptcy, or the threat of bankruptcy, haunts just somewhat both major newspaper in the country, including the cabbage Tribune, who filed for Chapter 11 at the end of 2008. permeate sense of hearings in secretive large cities argon divided up among the big network affiliates wish well ABC, NBC and FOX, and magazine subscriptions and revenues continue to decline. in spite of uncertain quantifys, one media group maintains a monopoly on their market. Often referred to as a cartel, Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN) has rule the sports media industry across multiple platforms for decades. app atomic number 18ntly al instructions multiple steps in advance of their largest competitors, CBS and NBC Sports, ESPN has developed mobile apps, a network of television conduct, a documentary serial publication and other headmaster content that exclusively overwhelms their audience. Being the Worldwide Leader in Sports comes with its criticisms, of course. ESPN is often accused of biased inform and engaging in conflicts of interest, notably, their development of the farsightedhorn Network with the University of Texas. Regardless, consumers turn to ESPN for sports news and content.In their mission statement, they say they endeavor To manage sports fans wher constantly sports are watched, listened to, discussed, debated, read about or played, and that People are our most valuable resource, and care and respe ct for employees and individually other result always be at the heart of our operations. ESPN is in the droll position of cosmos the peoples champion of the sports media landscape. Since its inception in family of 1979, ESPN has appealed to consumers on a more than conversational, attractive level than most other sports outlets or media organizations.The network has developed personalities like Chris baby boomer Berman and Stuart Scott who involve their audience by compounding references to pop-culture with sports. As a head, ESPN has developed as an incredibly strong brand, kn let for being cool. Competitors like CBS and NBC Sports are certainly well established brands of their own, but their brands arent as hip as ESPN. By generating cross-platform content with ESPN the Magazine, ESPN. com and the more recent ESPN ScoreCenter mobile app, ESPN has shape up the sports media landscape to their liking, dictating how information is disseminated. date ESPN has done an amazing job up until now, they face the danger of losing specialize audiences to channels like the MLB Network and NFL Network who siphon off off consumers with very specific sports interests. With companies like Major League Baseball go on Media (BAM) pioneering new applications like MLB at flitter and inking new television deals that revolutionize the way baseball fans follow the national pastime, ESPN has to be c erstwhilerned. Its unlikely ESPN will ever lose all of their broadcasting rights to MLB impales, their audience is just too large, but once more baseball fans realize their interests faculty be better served with MLB. om and the MLB Network, ESPN could jar against declines in ratings and viewership to programming like.Sunday Night Baseball. In order to prevent that, ESPN has to consider mergers and collaborations. go the MLB might not be interested, yet, ESPN has already reached out to the NFL Network about the surmise of combining their ESPN Classics channel with the NFL Network. By doing so, the long arm of ESPN could bolster viewership and the specialized content of the NFL Network could expand advertising revenues.Whether a similar deal could be make with the MLB Network, which, as the MLBAM case study stated, is the silver standard among sports leagues, is uncertain, but often these specialized networks see themselves as broadcast partners, not competitors of ESPN. By Harold Vogels own comment in his text Entertainment sedulousness Economics A Guide for fiscal Analysis, ESPN is a monopoly. There are no close substitutes for their output, they set prices, and there are barriers that prevent potential competitors from entering the market.In an member that appeared in the Sports Business daybook Daily in 2009 entitled intentness wonders who will challenge ESPN, staff generator John Ourand says that if a competitor were to emerge, they would consent to do it between 2011 and 2014, when many of the major sports leagues TV deals expire. Re gardless of expiration dates, ESPN is undetermined of outbidding just about anyone when it comes to content packages. They outbid FOX by $100 one million million in 2009 to secure the rights to the College Football trough Series through 2014. ESPNs ground on the sports media landscape is intimidating.Effectively, ESPN has constructed barriers to entry because no one is capable of competing with them on the same level across multiple platforms. Additionally, theyre usually willing to share revenues with other networks if it means increased viewership on their own channels. Vogel defines entertainment as that which produces a acceptable and satisfying experience and cites Becker (1965) and DeSerpa (1971) for suggesting that the demand for empty is affected in a multiform way by the cost of time both to produce and to consume.ESPN does a rattling(a) job maximizing the return on the amount of time spent devour their products. It takes a mere moment to interest the final score of the Chicago Bulls game via the ScoreCenter app. It takes just minutes to read an article about the game on ESPN. com and a consumer can spend upwards of 30 minutes watching SportsCenter where they can see highlights of the game and hear an analysis of it. In chapter two of Vogels text, it is explained that statistical distribution indicator trumps control of content The crush content in the world is not deserving nything if it cannot be made readily operational to audiences. So, what is the result of the strongest distribution power and the best content in the world? The result is ESPN, a monopoly. The breakdown of gatekeeping that has affected so many media companies hasnt resulted in a loss of control or advantageousness for ESPN. Instead, ESPN has embraced the greater empowerment of the user that Vogels speaks of. Increased participation, engagement, connectivity, customization, personalization and collaboration between users and the content ESPN creates has actually hel ped ESPN maintain and grow their audience. viewing audience now send in videos to SportsCenter that are considered for segments like the Top 10 and the not Top 10, which highlight the best and mop up of the week in sports. SportsCenter, ESPN. com and some of their pilot programming like SportsNation rely hard on audience polls. SportsNation, in grouchy, is a program almost completely devote to polling fans about topics like the best lance dunks, touchdowns, even the best athletes beard (James Harden, Oklahoma City Thunder).By engaging their viewers, ESPN continues to improve the user experience, which Vogel explains is what media companies are actually selling, a set of experiences. reverie sports are another experience ESPN is stressful to sell. ESPNs biggest competitor in the fondness sports market is Yahoo. It is one frontier where ESPN hasnt completely dominated, but that doesnt mean theyre not trying. conjuration Sports are now incorporated into their original program ming, giving the average player insights as to who to start and who to bench for a particular game.Its just one more way for ESPN to engage their audience and qualify the digital distribution of their products. I infer ESPN is an exemplary media content producer. In fact, I aspire to work for them one day. I acknowledge the potential issues associated with being considered a cartel, but I subscribe to the intuitive feeling that if you cant beat them, wed them. Im not completely convinced of their biased reporting, either. ESPN employs a respective(a) variety of reporters who frequently disagree with one another. Additionally, they have provided a platform for feminine reporters pioneering their way into sports journalism.The latest irritations from viewers cast around over-reporting of certain topics, like Tim Tebow and Jeremy Lin. I personally dont mind. ESPN does an minute job engaging their viewers, diversifying content across multiple platforms, and embracing and moneti zing digital distribution of information. I do think a competitor or two will come along in the near future, but I dont think the downfall of ESPN is in anywhere in sight. Viewers love ESPN because it feels like home, and no one is ready to scat just yet.